Feminist SF Wiki - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2006-06-03T17:06:50Z

162.84.165.25: /* FSF Books, Authors, Etc. */

<big>Welcome to the Feminist SF wiki</big>

... a collective knowledge base of all things feminist, fictional, and speculative (science fiction, fantastic, magically real, horror, and so forth) ... with [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] pages

... we want your [[suggestions]] and ideas!

Current highlighted projects: Please add to the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] pages, discussing representations of women and ethnicity in LOTR.

== The Heart of Feminist SF : the community ==

* WisCon -- [[WisCon 30]] just happened -- please [[WisCon 30|add your transcripts, bibliographies, notes & comments to individual sessions]]
* [[James Tiptree, Jr. Award]] -- The 2005 award was just given to [[Geoff Ryman]]'s [[Air]] at [[WisCon 30]] ... see http://tiptree.org/ for more info
** other awards: Carl Brandon Society [[Carl Brandon Parallax Award|Parallax Award]] and [[Carl Brandon Kindred Award|Kindred Award]] ... Gaylactic [[Spectrum Awards]] ... SFFFW [[Roots in Writing Award]] ... [[Sense of Gender Award]]
* [[Broad Universe]], the organization for women writing science fiction, fantasy and horror ... see http://broaduniverse.org/
* [[feministSF.org]], the host of this wiki, listserves, and various websites over the years ... see http://feministsf.org/
* [[Feminist SF Organizations|feminist SF & related organizations and communities]]
* [[Feminist SF fans, editors, and scholars]]
** [[Memorials & Remembrances]]
***[[Lisa Barnett]], ([[1958]]-[[2006]])
***[[Octavia Butler]], ([[1947]]-[[2006]])

== FSF Books, Authors, Etc. ==
* Creators, including [[Author List]] and [[Artists|Artists, Musicians, Etc.]]

* [[Publishers and Presses]]

* Bibliographies & Lists of Works
** [[Influential Feminist FSF Books]]
** [[Canons]]
** [[Reading Paths]]
** [[Reading Lists from Fans & Others]]
** [[:category:Films|Films]]

* Teaching feministSF & Critically Examining SF & feministSF
** [[Courses]]
** [[Syllabi]]
** [[Themes|Literary Devices, Tropes, Themes, Plot Points]] common to Feminist SF
*** [[Myths]] of particular interest to FSF
** [[Women in SF]]
*** [[Archetypal]] female characters
**** the [[Black Warrior Woman]]
*** [[Women in SF Art]]
*** [[:category:Notable Female Characters|Notable Female Characters]]
** [[Women in Fandom]]
** [[FeministSF Critical Theory]]
** [[Timeline]] of Women in SF & Feminist SF

* [[Related]] related information on "SF" or "feminism" etc.
* [[:category:Media|Media]] for feminist SF works
* [[Quotes]]

== What is this? ==

* what's the [[mission|feministSF wiki]]?
** what's the FSFwiki [[mission]]?
** what's the [[FSFwiki process]] for negotiating disputes & the like?
** why aren't you just putting this stuff on [[wikipedia]]?
* what's [[feminist SF]]?
* what's [[feminism]]?
** what are some [[:category:feminist issues|feminist issues]] and [[:category:feminist processes|feminist processes]]?
* what's [[SF]]?

* "can I do it?" yes. Anybody can edit text -- go ahead, try it! Click "edit" at the top of the page ... (Except for this first page ... You have to log in & create a userID to edit the first page, a protection added because of linkspam.) See the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] or the [[QuickCheatSheet|Quick Cheat Sheet]]
** want to do more?: If you want to be a super-editor and help do initial technical configurations of the wiki, write [[User:Lquilter|Laura Quilter]] or lquilter at lquilter.net with "fsfwiki" in the subject line.
** how do I make [[suggestions]]? (add them to the [[suggestions]] page)
** how can I help? contribute to our [[To Do List]]

== Navigation ==

* [[Special:Allpages|A-Z Index of All Pages]]

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T17:02:38Z

162.84.165.25: /* Relevant Works & Characters */

A number of notable SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, it is not an unproblematic. We can interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

==Relevant Works & Characters==
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]] (lesbian/bisexual)
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series (lesbian)
* [[John Varley]]'s Gaia trilogy, [[Titan]], [[Demon]], [[Wizard]] (bisexual)
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Kendra
* [[Storm]] in [[The X-Men]] (Ororo Munro)
* "[[Firefly]]" (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Zoe

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T17:01:54Z

162.84.165.25: wordsmithing

A number of notable SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, it is not an unproblematic. We can interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

==Relevant Works & Characters==
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* [[John Varley]]'s Gaia trilogy, [[Titan]], [[Demon]], [[Wizard]]
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Kendra
* [[Storm]] in [[The X-Men]] (Ororo Munro)
* "[[Firefly]]" (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Zoe

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:59:55Z

162.84.165.25: organizing works & characters

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

==Relevant Works & Characters==
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* [[John Varley]]'s Gaia trilogy, [[Titan]], [[Demon]], [[Wizard]]
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Kendra
* [[Storm]] in [[The X-Men]] (Ororo Munro)
* "[[Firefly]]" (created by [[Joss Whedon]]) - Zoe

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:58:18Z

162.84.165.25:

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

* "[[Firefly]]" - Zoe
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] - Kendra
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]
* [[Storm]] in [[The X-Men]] (Ororo Munro)
* [[John Varley]]'s Gaia trilogy, [[Titan]], [[Demon]], [[Wizard]]

List of stereotypes of female characters

2006-06-03T16:45:57Z

162.84.165.25:

common portrayals of women in SF/fantasy:

* woman as nurturing partner / sex object ([[Deanna Troi]] in [[Star Trek: The Next Generation]])
* woman as nurturing mother ([[Dr. Beverly Crusher]] in [[Star Trek: The Next Generation]])
* woman as encapsulating Otherness; often monstrous evil, but also sometimes just the feared or inferior Other ([[Borg Queen]] in [[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]; hive-like matriarchies a la [[Frank Herbert]]'s [[Hellstrom's Hive]])
* woman as cold, powerful, threatening, dangerous (the [[Ice Queen]] myth, C.S. Lewis' [[Queen of Narnia]])
* woman as pandora: curious, lacking self-control, leading to trouble
* woman as victim
* woman as controlling bitch
* woman as sex fantasy object
* the [[Black Warrior Woman]]

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:44:34Z

162.84.165.25:

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

* "[[Firefly]]" - Zoe
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] - Kendra
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]
* [[Storm]] in [[The X-Men]] (Ororo Munro)

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:43:55Z

162.84.165.25:

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

Comparing the images of warrior women across ethnicity, culture, and race could lead to some fruitful insights.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

* "[[Firefly]]" - Zoe
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] - Kendra
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]]) - character played by [[Angela Bassett]]
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:41:07Z

162.84.165.25:

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

* "[[Firefly]]" - Zoe
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] - Kendra
* "[[Strange Days]]" (dir. [[Kathryn Bigelow]])
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]

Black warrior woman stereotype

2006-06-03T16:39:55Z

162.84.165.25: first notes

A growing number of SF works have portrayed strong, warrior-like women of African heritage. This is not unproblematic: While we can celebrate the growth in images of strong, active, women of color, we can also interrogate how much the characters generally, and whether some characters in particular, rely on racial stereotypes or race-based ideologies in drawing the character.

For instance, a female warrior character may be described as Black or African in order to make her appear even ''more'' extreme than a female warrior, relying on stereotyped views of Africans and Black people as primitive, violent, highly athleticized, and so on.

Likewise, an African or Black character may be turned into more of a warrior woman figure, again out of (or playing on) the sense that Black people are inherently violent or physically strong.

Questions of exoticism, eroticism, the male gaze, and the "white gaze" may also be raised. Are white male authors particularly prone to making Black women characters also warriors, or female warriors also Black? If so, what does that mean-- are they doing it because they have more privilege to stretch readers' and publishers' boundaries, or are they doing it out of their own racism or as a form of cultural appropriation? When does it matter what the author's motivations are?

And are these characters disproportionately lesbian? (not that there's anything wrong with that.) Writer choices to make a Black woman warrior also a lesbian may be a means of exoticizing them, making them seem ''more'' "other", more fearsome, or even more readily identifiable-with by the male reader/viewer.

On the other hand, a kick-ass woman of color is to be welcomed in a very friendly fashion.

* "[[Firefly]]" - Zoe
* "[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] - Kendra
* "[[Strange Days]]"
* S. M. Stirling's Nantucket series
* Steve Perry [[Matadora]]

Index of themes

2006-06-03T16:11:44Z

162.84.165.25:

: Gender Role Reversal
: Elimination or Minimization of a Gender
: Dystopia
: [[Utopia]]

: [[Gendered "Otherness" Experiences in the Body]]
: Sexuality, Reproduction, Family Arrangements

: [[Retellings|Retold Fairy-Tales, Myths, Folk-Tales]]

: The Super-Heroic Woman
: Reclaiming the Every-Day Heroic Women

: The Body (body image, beauty standards; body modification; menstruation, pregnancy, nursing; aging; sexuality)

: Women and ...

: Sotto Voce Feminism: Assuming without Examining

: Women and Nature, the Wild, Animals

: Language & Sexism (see, e.g., [[per]])

: Insanity

Index of themes

2006-06-03T16:11:24Z

162.84.165.25:

: Gender Role Reversal
: Elimination or Minimization of a Gender
: Dystopia
: [[Utopia]]

: [[Gendered "Otherness" Experiences in the Body]]
: Sexuality, Reproduction, Family Arrangements

: [[Retellings|Retold Fairy-Tales, Myths, Folk-Tales]]

: The Super-Heroic Woman
: Reclaiming the Every-Day Heroic Women

: The Body (body image, beauty standards; menstruation, pregnancy, nursing; aging; sexuality)

: Women and ...

: Sotto Voce Feminism: Assuming without Examining

: Women and Nature, the Wild, Animals

: Language & Sexism (see, e.g., [[per]])

: Insanity

Female characters in SF

2006-06-03T14:38:09Z

162.84.165.25:

==Bibliography & External Links==

* King, Betty. ''Women of the Future: The Female Character in Science Fiction''.
* Larbalestier, Justine. ''The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction''.
* Russ, Joanna. "The Image of Women in Science Fiction" in ''Images of Women in Science Fiction: Feminist Perspectives'', edited. by Susan Koppelman Cornillon.

Tehanu

2006-06-03T14:35:32Z

162.84.165.25:

In Tehanu, [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] returned to [[Earthsea]], writing a story she described as the missing fourth leg of a stool.

[[category:1990 Publications]] [[category:Reinterpretative Works]]

Tenar

2006-06-03T14:34:30Z

162.84.165.25:

The young priestess in ''[[The Tombs of Atuan]]'', whose life as a woman in a sexist society was further explored in ''[[Tehanu]]''.

[[category:Notable Female Characters]]

Buffy Summers

2006-06-03T14:25:09Z

162.84.165.25:

[[category:Notable Female Characters]]

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)

2006-06-03T14:24:51Z

162.84.165.25:

1992; US. Director [[Fran Rubel Kuzui]]. Original creator [[Joss Whedon]].

First appearance of the character [[Buffy Summers]], a vampire slayer.

[[category:1992 Films]]

Ellen Ripley

2006-06-03T14:21:29Z

162.84.165.25:

One of the first female SF action [[heroes]].

[[category:Notable Female Characters]]

Wonder Woman

2006-06-03T14:19:15Z

162.84.165.25:

A [[DC]] superhero.

Adaptations: Comic Book; Novels; TV Series; Film (forthcoming)

[[category:Notable Female Characters]] [[category:Comic book characters]]

Wonder Woman

2006-06-03T14:18:59Z

162.84.165.25:

A [[DC]] superhero.

Adaptations: Comic Book; Novels; TV Series; Film (forthcoming)

[[category:Notable female characters]] [[category:Comic book characters]]

Feminist SF Wiki:Wikipedia

2006-06-03T14:18:23Z

162.84.165.25: /* So what's the relationship between Wikipedia and the feministSF wiki (fsfwiki)? */

The feministSF wiki is not [http://wikipedia.org wikipedia] and it's not an attempt to replace it or to ghettoize feminist SF. Instead, we are using the MediaWiki software tool to develop a new and detailed reference resource, and to experiment with the community and process-oriented approach of wikipedia. And we have a secret feminist conspiracy.

===So what's the relationship between Wikipedia and the feministSF wiki (fsfwiki)?===
# The feministSF wiki uses the mediawiki software which was developed by and for and in conjunction with Wikipedia, but we use it for our own ends.
# Wikipedia encourages spin-off projects, and has developed a [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking standard for interwiki references]. So, when we feel it's appropriate and we're ready to do so, we can add the interwiki language protocols, and reference directly to Wikipedia. (In the meantime, it is perfectly appropriate to do so using URLs.) For more info, see [http://meta.wikimedia.org Meta-Wiki].
# FeministSF is one of many spin-off projects of Wikipedia. In SF/F, for example, there are wiki projects for [http://www.infoshop.org/sf/index.php/Main_Page science fiction generally], the [http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Harry Potter], "[http://memory-alpha.org/ Star Trek]", and at least one for [http://www.thetolkienwiki.org/ Tolkien].

===What are the differences between Wikipedia & the fsfwiki?===
# The feministSF is not written from a "neutral POV". At Wikipedia, and in a general reference encyclopedia, the assumption is that the articles should be written from a neutral point of view. At feministSF wiki, the assumption is that articles will be written from a feminist point of view. We want to understand and accurately describe other perspectives, but as feminists we also want to critique and deconstruct hierarchies of oppression, stereotyped thinking, problems that skew along axes of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, class, age, marital status or relational affiliation, language, and other forms of privilege or hierarchy.
# The feministSF wiki can get a lot deeper into feminist SF than a general encyclopedia like WikiPedia can. The feministSF wiki is a reference resource, like Wikipedia, but it can be much deeper and much broader than a general encyclopedia (even the world's best) encyclopedia is intended to be. For instance, while Wikipedia only wants to include entires on people or events of general significance, the feministSF wiki will include things of general significance to feminist SF — and that is already a good deal more specific than a general encyclopedia could be.
# The feministSF wiki can go beyond subject-specific encyclopedia and also be an archival resource and community document. But the feministSF wiki can also include things that would never be in any encyclopedia, because they are not of "general interest" in an encyclopedia sense--not even of "general interest" to the "feminist SF". For instance, while every single fan and writer might not be of interest or relevance in an encyclopedia, they ARE of interest and relevance to a project that strives to capture and document a feminist SF community in an archival sense as well. With [[tagging]] and [[categories]] and [[search]], we can still structure information in such a way to make it easy to find book authors, new authors, fans, wanna-be filmmakers, and so on, but we don't need to mandate and create a separation that is, in the feminist SF community, rather artificial. We all know that our writers are also fans and that fans are creators and that creators includes writing and jewelry-making and beading and software coding and graphic design and feminist processes and organizing perfectly organized pocket programs for conferences.
# The feministSF wiki is also an experiment in feminist process & community-building. Could it become a 24/7 feminist think tank? an online version of [[WisCon]], or a workshop, in which everyone works madly together -- but not just for 75 minutes, but at any moment ... coming together asynchronously through the [[discussion pages]] and other community aspects of the [[mediaWiki software]]? What kinds of connections can we document thru the wiki, which wouldn't be relevant or appropriate in a general encyclopedia? References, homages, influences, connections (family sexual affectional and otherwise)? How can we create that "web" of connections? Were particular stories inspired by experiences at WisCon or reactions to a fannish event of some sort? How can we connect the online community with real-world, offline, in-person, meat communities?

===Is there a feminist conspiracy behind the fsfwiki?===

Yes. We have three goals, and we will achieve them ''[[by any means necessary]]''.

# We will use the feministSF wiki to deconstruct our social programming in a "a wiki of our own". Wikis have the convention of creating [[sandbox]]es which are places for individuals to play with formatting to see if they can get it right. In a sense, they're safe places so people can learn to do things without fear of being castigated for screwing up, or fear of actually screwing things up for someone else or hurting the wiki. (You really couldn't anyway because someone else will catch it and fix it! That's the beauty of the wiki....) So in one sense the feministSF is a sandbox for social processes. It's a place for anyone to deconstruct their social programming -- particularly women who have been socialized NOT to correct others, to be polite, to not claim a lot of space in public places, to not argue or engage in flame wars, to not in some senses engage in robust public discussion. And people who have not had a lot of experience with technology, who may feel shy or inexperienced with wiki software, have another space place to learn it and to get comfortable with "geeking out". So the feministSF wiki is a place for all those folk to explore and experiment with the technology, get proficient with it, then take their skills out in the world to use with their own collaborative software, engaging in wikipedia editing & processes, and bringing more feminist presences and perspectives to wikis, and ultimately other tech-based communities, everywhere.
# We will explore & push the technology options offered by the mediawiki software as a collaborative medium in the way that only feminists dedicated to process can do.
# And of course we will take over [[WikiPedia]]. (See below.)

===Is this a critique of wikipedia?===
No, and yes.

The people who installed this wiki & made it available for you and thought about this FAQ LOVE wikipedia. We also love the kinds of open collaborations that the software makes possible, and the potential for doing things that wikipedia doesn't do.

BUT we've sometimes been frustrated with the wikipedia experience.
#For instance, a couple of years ago in 2004, there was a great article on feminist science fiction; and the beginnings of an article on women in science fiction. By 2006, the wiki contributors had merged them, and redirected searches for "feminist science fiction" to "women in science fiction". These are really distinct ideas and concepts. One person could get involved with the wiki community and make comments, or get rid of the redirect & explain formally what's going on. But if it became a "discussion" or a controversial page, then the lone feminist might be quite outnumbered.
#We see, ALL THE TIME, instances of sexist or biased language in wikipedia, which we dutifully correct and neutralize.
#Wiki process allows for great things like open public debate on the significance of, say, feminist online community theoriest danah boyd. And it allows simultaneously the possibility for really great geeking out obsessively on issues that are of interest to any of the participants. But in a culture which is fundamentally sexist, and dominated by boys who maybe haven't all had their consciousness raising moments, this can create things like a debate about the relevance of danah boyd, and NO DEBATE about the relevance of a detailed entry for each and every single Playmate of the Month or Playmate of the Year. One or two people could get involved in these issues, if they could figure out what they think about it, but it would be MUCH BETTER to have an entire flotilla of feminists infiltrating and subverting the dominant paradigms .... etc.

Any one of us as individuals could take on those issues in wikipedia. But it would be MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE if there were lots of women contributing their perspectives. So feministSF wiki is in part a recruiting tool to train and give feminists skills to go and contribute their perspectives to wiki, and ultimately to be louder & more active voices iin online communities.

Eowyn

2006-06-02T23:48:57Z

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Niece of King Théoden of Rohan, she chafed at the restrictions placed on women in her society, striving to be a shieldmaiden of reknown, just as her brother Eomer was a doughty warrior.

Éowyn became the nursemaid of her uncle, Théoden, and while serving Théoden, she meets Aragorn, the future King, and falls in love with him, unaware that he is betrothed to Arwen.

During the flight to the refuge of Helm's Deep, she is relegated to caring for the women and children, despite her desire to guard the group against attack as do the men.

After Aragorn and his companions took The Way of the Dead at Dunharrow, she was told to go back to the women while the men rode off to the aid of Gondor. She rebelled against this stricture and disguised herself as a man, Dernhelm, riding off with the troops. In the movie, she isn't disguised but somehow escapes the notice of her Uncle and brother.

In battle with the forces of Sauron, she slays the Witch King (a Nazgûl), fulfilling Glorfindel's prophecy that the Witch King would never die by the hand of man. She is gravely wounded in the fight, and is at death's door when Aragorn heals her in both mind and spirit with an infusion of athelas, kingsfoil, although she is still too weak to travel when Aragorn rides off with the Host of Gondor to the final battle with the forces of Sauron.

She rests in the Houses of Healing with Faramir, Steward of Gondor, also recuperating from grievous wounds, and her eyes are opened. She realizes that she loves this gentle man and declares to him, ''I will be a shieldmaiden no longer, nor vie with the great Riders, nor take joy only in the songs of slaying. I will be a healer, and love all things that grow and are not barren. No longer do I desire to be a queen.''

[[category:Fictional Characters]]

The Librarian Hero (WisCon 30 panel)

2006-06-02T23:01:10Z

162.84.165.25: /* Works Cited */

==some notes==

* quote from ''The Golden Globe'' by [[John Varley]]
Hal had a UniKnowledge module, which was the nearest thing we'd ever get to summing up all human information collected since the days of the Cro-Magnon. It held all the libraries of Old Earth. All the movies, television shows, photo files. Billions of billions of bits of data so obscure a researcher might visit some of it once in two or three hundred years, and then only long enough to find it no longer had any reasonable excuse for being. But it wasn't thrown out. Capacity was virtually infinite, so nothing was ever tossed. Who knew? In ten centuries the twenty years of telemetry from Viking I might be of use to somebody. A vanity-press book, published in 1901, all about corn silage in Minnesota, of which no hard copy existed, might be just the reading you were looking for some dark and stormy night. The UniKnowledge held thousands of books printed in Manx, a language no one had spoken in a hundred years. It held Swahili comic books teaching methods of contraception. It contained cutting-room debris saved from a million motion pictures, discarded first drafts of films never made. A copy of every phone book extant at the time we began to record data by laser, and every one printed since. Fully half of the information in the UK had never been cataloged, and much never referenced in the centuries since its inception, and most of it was likely never to be cataloged. That would be taking the pack-rat impulse too far. Librarians had other things to do, such as develop more powerful search engines to sort through the inchoate mass of data when somebody wanted to find out something truly obscure.

==Works Cited==

* The librarian in pratchett - horace warblehatt (orangutan)
* library in gene wolfe's city of the new sun - library underlying time & space
* david brin's libraries in his uplift series
* use the library & then you get the bill ...
* piers anthony's macroscope sort of a library
* the grand complication / kurzweil - research librarians
* cheshire cat in thursday ... series / jasper fford
* time traveler's wife
* neil gaiman's sandman / librarian of the dreamland
* fingersmith / sarah waters - victorian porn librarian
* the librarian in The Mummy
* elizabeth peters' jacquelyn kirby characters
* "barbara gordon" who was batgirl & managed to run a public library size of NYPL straight out of library school; then when crippled is now Oracle, reference librarian to entire superhero community
* the librarian of basra / jeannette winter
* "read or die" / anime - miniseries; broken into 3 parts, avail on one disk. then a series b/c that was so popular. but doesn't contain main characters.
* Rex Libris comic book series - issue #4 - "Slave Labor Graphics"
* Jedi Librarian
* Harry Potter librarian creepy
* Steven King / "The Library Policeman"
* Joel Rosenberg's librarians of the flame
* Gill Alderman / The Archivist
* "In the Stacks" edited by Michael Cart - short stories about librarians
* "Magic and Madness in the Library" ed. by Eric Garber
* "Mainspring" / Jay Lake - librarian saving the world
* jay lake librarian characters

===where to get more===
* novelist / what do i read next - reader advisory services
* bookstore in ohio / book detective

==real librarian heroes==
* kathy clickweil / newton free library - stood off FBI for 48 hours
* Clara Breed / librarian during WW2 - when Japanese Americans were taken away to internment camps she kept in touch with her patrons
* Miss Ruth Brown - racial integration in her southern library. "Storm Center" movie; book by Louise Robins
* The 4 Connecticut librarians who resisted the PATRIOT Act subpoenas

==External Links==

* http://feministsf.org/bibs/librarians.html Librarian Bibliography from feministSF.org

The Librarian Hero (WisCon 30 panel)

2006-06-02T22:59:35Z

162.84.165.25: /* bibliography from panel */

==some notes==

* quote from ''The Golden Globe'' by [[John Varley]]
Hal had a UniKnowledge module, which was the nearest thing we'd ever get to summing up all human information collected since the days of the Cro-Magnon. It held all the libraries of Old Earth. All the movies, television shows, photo files. Billions of billions of bits of data so obscure a researcher might visit some of it once in two or three hundred years, and then only long enough to find it no longer had any reasonable excuse for being. But it wasn't thrown out. Capacity was virtually infinite, so nothing was ever tossed. Who knew? In ten centuries the twenty years of telemetry from Viking I might be of use to somebody. A vanity-press book, published in 1901, all about corn silage in Minnesota, of which no hard copy existed, might be just the reading you were looking for some dark and stormy night. The UniKnowledge held thousands of books printed in Manx, a language no one had spoken in a hundred years. It held Swahili comic books teaching methods of contraception. It contained cutting-room debris saved from a million motion pictures, discarded first drafts of films never made. A copy of every phone book extant at the time we began to record data by laser, and every one printed since. Fully half of the information in the UK had never been cataloged, and much never referenced in the centuries since its inception, and most of it was likely never to be cataloged. That would be taking the pack-rat impulse too far. Librarians had other things to do, such as develop more powerful search engines to sort through the inchoate mass of data when somebody wanted to find out something truly obscure.

==Works Cited==

* The librarian in pratchett - horace warblehatt (orangutan)
* library in gene wolfe's city of the new sun - library underlying time & space
* david brin's libraries in his uplift series
* use the library & then you get the bill ...
* piers anthony's macroscope sort of a library
* the grand complication / kurzweil - research librarians
* cheshire cat in thursday ... series / jasper fford
* time traveler's wife
* neil gaiman's sandman / librarian of the dreamland
* fingersmith / sarah waters - victorian porn librarian
* the librarian in The Mummy
* elizabeth peters' jacquelyn kirby characters
* "barbara gordon" who was batgirl & managed to run a public library size of NYPL straight out of library school; then when crippled is now Oracle, reference librarian to entire superhero community
* the librarian of basra / jeannette winter
* "read or die" / anime - miniseries; broken into 3 parts, avail on one disk. then a series b/c that was so popular. but doesn't contain main characters.
* Rex Libris comic book series - issue #4 - "Slave Labor Graphics"
* Jedi Librarian
* Harry Potter librarian creepy
* Steven King / "The Library Policeman"
* Joel Rosenberg's librarians of the flame
* Gill Alderman / The Archivist
* "In the Stacks" edited by Michael Cart - short stories about librarians
* "Magic and Madness in the Library" ed. by Eric Garber
* "Mainspring" / Jay Lake - librarian saving the world

jay lake librarians

real librarians
* kathy clickweil / newton free library - stood off FBI for 48 hours
* Clara Breed / librarian during WW2 - when Japanese Americans were taken away to internment camps she kept in touch with her patrons
* Miss Ruth Brown - racial integration in her southern library. "Storm Center" movie; book by Louise Robins

* novelist / what do i read next - reader advisory services
* bookstore in ohio / book detective

==External Links==

* http://feministsf.org/bibs/librarians.html Librarian Bibliography from feministSF.org

Batwoman

2006-06-02T04:22:15Z

162.84.165.25: first notes about her comeback!

A [[DC]] crime-fighter. Killed off in one universe but being resurrected in "[[52]]" as a [[lesbian]].

Lambda Literary Award

2006-06-02T04:11:27Z

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[[category:Literary Awards]] [[category:Gender-Themed Awards]]

Roots in Writing Award

2006-06-02T04:10:47Z

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Sponsored by the [[SFFFW]].

The 2006 winner is [[Jane Yolen]]; 2005 winners were Betty Ballantine, Madeleine L'Engle, Ursula K. Le Guin, Anne McCaffrey, Andre Norton, Joanna Russ, and Kate Wilhelm.

[[category:SF Awards]] [[category:Gender-Themed Awards]]

Category:Tiptree

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all things Tiptree related

James Tiptree, Jr. Award

2006-06-02T04:10:04Z

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The '''James Tiptree, Jr. Award''' is an annual literary prize for works of [[science fiction]] or [[fantasy]] that expand or explore our understanding of [[gender|gender]]. It was initiated in February of 1991 by authors [[Pat Murphy]] and [[Karen Joy Fowler]], subsequent to a discussion at [[WisCon]] (then the world's only [[feminism|feminist]]-oriented [[science fiction convention]]).

The award is named for [[James Tiptree, Jr.|Alice B. Sheldon]], who wrote under the pseudonym [[James Tiptree, Jr.]] By choosing a masculine ''nom de plume,'' having her stories accepted under that name and winning awards with them, Sheldon helped demonstrate that the division between male and female SF writing was illusory. Years after "Tiptree" first published SF, Sheldon wrote some work under the female pen name "Raccoona Sheldon"; later, the SF world discovered that "Tiptree" had been female all along. According to the Tiptree Award council, this discovery led to widespread discussion over which aspects of writing, if any, have an intrinsic gender. To remind audiences of the complicated role gender plays in both reading and writing, the award was named in Sheldon's honor.

Fundraising efforts for the Tiptree have included publications, auctions, and feminist bake sales.

== Winners ==
*2005: ''[[Air]]'' by [[Geoff Ryman]]
*2004: ''[[Camouflage (book)|Camouflage]]'' by [[Joe Haldeman]] and ''Not Before Sundown'' by [[Johanna Sinisalo]]
*2003: ''[[Set This House In Order: A Romance Of Souls]]'' by [[Matt Ruff]]
*2002: ''[[Light]]'' by [[M. John Harrison]] and "[[Stories for Men]]" by [[John Kessel]]
*2001: '[['The Kappa Child]]'' by [[Hiromi Goto]]
*2000: ''[[Wild Life]]'' by [[Molly Gloss]]
*1999: ''[[The Conqueror's Child]]'' by [[Suzy McKee Charnas]]
*1998: "[[Congenital Agenesis of Gender Ideation]]" by [[Raphael Carter]]
*1997: ''[[Black Wine]]'' by [[Candas Jane Dorsey]] and "[[Travels With The Snow Queen]]" by [[Kelly Link]]
*1996: "[[Mountain Ways]]" by [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], and ''[[The Sparrow]]'' by [[Mary Doria Russell]]
*1995: ''[[Waking The Moon]]'' by [[Elizabeth Hand]] and ''[[The Memoirs Of Elizabeth Frankenstein]]'' by [[Theodore Roszak]]
*1994: "[[The Matter of Seggri]]" by [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] and ''[[Larque on the Wing]]'' by [[Nancy Springer]]
*1993: ''[[Ammonite (novel)|Ammonite]]'' by [[Nicola Griffith]]
*1992: ''[[China Mountain Zhang]]'' by [[Maureen F. McHugh]]
*1991: ''[[A Woman of the Iron People]]'' by [[Eleanor Arnason]], and ''[[White Queen]]'' by [[Gwyneth Jones]]
* Retrospective Award:
: [[Suzy McKee Charnas]], ''[[Motherlines]]'' and ''[[Walk to the End of the World]]'';
: [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[The Left Hand of Darkness]];
: [[Joanna Russ]], "[[When It Changed]]" (in ''[[Again, Dangerous Visions]]'') and ''[[The Female Man]]''

== See also ==
* [[Gender role]]
* [[Gender and sexuality studies]]
* [[Sex in science fiction]]
* [[Women in science fiction]]
* [[Women science fiction authors]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.tiptree.org/ James Tiptree, Jr. Literary Award Council]
* [http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue22/tiptree.html "On James Tiptree, Alice Sheldon and bake sales", by Karen Joy Fowler]

[[category:SF Awards]] [[category:1991 Events]] [[category:Tiptree]] [[category:Gender-Themed Awards]]

Spectrum Award

2006-06-02T04:09:33Z

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Sponsored by the [[Gaylactic Network|Gaylactic]] Spectrum Award Foundation. The Gaylactic Spectrum Awards were created in 1998 by the Gaylactic Network to honor works in science fiction, fantasy and horror which include positive explorations of gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered characters, themes, or issues.

==External Links==

* http://www.spectrumawards.org/

[[category:SF Awards]] [[category:Gender-Themed Awards]]

Sunburst Award

2006-06-02T04:08:30Z

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Formally called The Sunburst Award for Canadian Literature of the Fantastic

==External Links==

* http://www.sunburstaward.org/

[[category:SF Awards]] [[category:Canadian Awards]]

Sense of Gender Award

2006-06-02T04:06:40Z

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Mentioned by [[Jeanne Gomoll]] at [[WisCon 30]] as having representatives at [[WisCon 30]].

[[category:SF Awards]] [[category:Gender-Themed Awards]] [[category:Japanese Awards]]

Carl Brandon Kindred Award

2006-06-02T04:05:11Z

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See [[:category:Carl Brandon Kindred Award Winners|Carl Brandon Kindred Award Winners]]

[[category:SF Awards]]

J.R.R. Tolkien

2006-06-02T04:04:10Z

162.84.165.25: /* External Links */

=Analyses & Commentary=

* race, Orcs, Haradrim, Easterlings
* women, missing entwives, scarce dwarvish women, elven queens

=Bibliographies=

==Tolkien Bibliography==

* [[The Hobbit]] (1937)
* [[The Lord of the Rings (book)|The Lord of the Rings]] (1954-1955)
** [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]
** [[The Two Towers]]
** [[The Return of the King]]

* [[Peter Jackson]]'s film trilogy of [[The Lord of the Rings]]

==Feminist, Subaltern, Critical Reworkings==

* [[Mary Gentle]], [[Grunts!]] ([[1992]])
* [[Pat Murphy]], [[There and Back Again]] (2000)
* [[Jacqueline Carey]], [[Banewreaker]] (2005) and [[GodSlayer]] (2005) (Volumes 1 and 2, respectively, of [[The Sundering (series)]])

==Feminist, Subaltern Critiques & Analyses==

''a draft list; haven't read this; not sure of actual content & basing just on title''

* Bigger, Andreas. "Love Song of the Dark Lord: Some Musings on the Reception of Tolkien in an Indian Context," in Root and Branch, ed. Honegger, 165-179
* Craig, David M. "’Queer Lodgings’: gender and sexuality in The Lord of the Rings." Mallorn 35 (1997): 11-18.
* Doughan, David. "An Ethnically Cleansed Faëry?" Tolkien and the Matter of Britain." Mallorn 32 (1995): 21-24.
* Doughan, David. "Tolkien, Sayers, Sex and Gender," in Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, ed. Reynolds and GoodKnight, 356-59.
* Fenwick, Mac. "Breastplates of Silk: Homeric Women in The Lord of the Rings." Mythlore 21 (1996): 17-23, 50.
* Fredrick, Candice and Sam McBride. Women Among the Inklings: Gender, C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, and Charles Williams. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001.
* Hopkins, Lisa. "Female Authority Figures in the Works of Tolkien, C. S. Lewis and Charles Williams," in Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, ed. Reynolds and GoodKnight, 364-66.
* Ringel, Faye. "Woman Fantasists: In the Shadow of the Ring," in J.R.R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-Earth , ed. George Clark and Daniel Timmons. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000. (pp. 159-71).

==External Links==

* Thevina, [http://www.trickster.org/symposium/symp144.html Does Gender Matter? Women, Tolkien, and the Online Fanfiction Community]. FanFic symposium.

[[category:1892 Births|Tolkien, J.R.R.]] [[category:1973 Deaths|Tolkien, J.R.R.]]

The Handmaid's Tale

2006-06-02T04:03:13Z

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by [[Margaret Atwood]]

==adaptations==

* [[The Handmaid's Tale (film)]]
* Opera

[[category:1985 Publications|Handmaid's Tale, The]]

Margaret Atwood

2006-06-02T03:59:02Z

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==Intertextual References==

Margaret Atwood, who writes science fiction, has been known to speak disparagingly of the genre. At one point she described it as "talking squids in outer space". A website was created to honor this vision of science fiction. http://www.talkingsquidsinouterspace.com/

[[category:1939 Births|Atwood, Margaret]] [[category:Female Writers|Atwood, Margaret]] [[category:Canadian Writers|Atwood, Margaret]]

Ginger Snaps (film)

2006-06-02T03:43:31Z

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Directed by [[John Fawcett]]

[[category:2000 Films]]

Ginger Snaps (film)

2006-06-02T03:32:33Z

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Directed by [[John Fawcett]]

Hugo Award

2006-06-02T03:24:01Z

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aka The Science Fiction Achievement Award. First awarded in 1953, although retrospective awards for 1951 and 1946 were awarded.

given by the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS) based on a popular vote of the membership of the WSFS and delivered at [[Worldcon]].

see [[:category:Hugo Award Winners|Hugo Award Winners]]

First given to a woman in 1960 for fanzine Cry of the Nameless: [[Elinor Busby]], jointly with F.M. Busy, Burnett Toskey, and Wally Weber, editors.

First given to a woman for individual achievement in 1962: [[Cele Goldsmith Lally|Cele Goldsmith]], "Special Award", for editing ''Amazing'' and ''Fantastic''.

First given to a woman for writing in 1968: [[Anne McCaffrey]] for novella "[[Weyr Search]]"

[[category:SF Awards]]

Cele Goldsmith Lalli

2006-06-02T03:18:52Z

162.84.165.25:

Early publisher of [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[Sonya Dorman]]'s fiction, and other writers, as editor of [[Amazing Stories]] and [[Fantastic]] from 1958 to 1965. As Cele Goldsmith, she was the first woman to receive a [[Hugo Award]] for individual work; she received a "Special Award" in 1962 for editing ''Amazing'' and ''Fantastic''. She changed her name from "Goldsmith" to "Lalli" on her marriage.

[[category:1933 Births]] [[category:2002 Deaths]] [[category:Editors]] [[category:Hugo Award Winners]]

Cele Goldsmith Lalli

2006-06-02T03:18:02Z

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Early publisher of [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[Sonya Dorman]]'s fiction, and other writers, as editor of [[Amazing Stories]] and [[Fantastic]] from 1958 to 1965. As Cele Goldsmith, she was the first woman to receive a [[Hugo Award]] for individual work; she received a "Special Award" in 1962 for editing ''Amazing'' and ''Fantastic''.

[[category:1933 Births]] [[category:2002 Deaths]] [[category:Editors]] [[category:Hugo Award Winners]]

Feminist SF timeline

2006-06-02T03:09:50Z

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A Brief History of Feminist SF and Women in SF

{{spoiler}}

==BF (Before Frankenstein)==

SF per se did not exist, but many of the stories that were told, and eventually published, relied on fantastical premises of one sort or another, often including magical, religious, and mythical imagery, beings or events. The imagined civilization, whether it be utopian, the Kingdom of Heaven, or otherwise, cropped up here and there.

* [[1405]] [[Christine de Pizan]], [[The Book of the City of Ladies]]
* [[1666]] [[Margaret Cavendish]], [[The Blazing World]]
* [[1762]] [[Sarah Scott]], [[A Description of Millennium Hall]]
* [[1794]] [[Ann Radcliffe]], [[The Mysteries of Udolpho]] (quintessential gothic novel; supernatural events ultimately shown to be non-supernatural)
* [[1798]]; rev. [[1803]] [[Jane Austen]], [[Northanger Abbey]] (a satirical gothic novel)

==Nineteenth Century CE: After Frankenstein (1818-1919)==

The early 19th century formats were still shaping and being developed. [[Gothic]] novels remained popular, with supernatural or possibly supernatural elements. Mary Shelley's [[Frankenstein]] emerged in part from this tradition.

In the mid-later part of the 19th century, a wide variety of [[utopian]] stories emerged from social and utopian movements. A conscious feminism picked up on many of the themes of the suffragettes, and produced specifically gender-based attacks on the patriarchy, positing that a female society might be wiser, more peaceful, more humane.

The late-19th century fascination with the supernatural led to many supernatural and [[ghost stories]]; relatedly, the themes in [[gothic]] novels continued to often include supernatural aspects.

The late 19th and early 20th century saw a suffragette [[backlash]] in literature: novels in which [[humorless]] women take over the world, for good or for ill; valiant men with a sense of humor often took it right back to the satisfaction of both sexes.

* [[1818]] [[Mary Shelley]], [[Frankenstein]]
* [[1827]] [[Jane Webb Loudon]], [[The Mummy!: A Tale of the Twentieth Century]]

* [[1872]] [[J. Sheridan Le Fanu]], [["Carmilla"]] (an early, possibly the first, lesbian vampire story published)
* [[1880-81]] [[Mary E. Bradley]] publishes [[Mizora: A Prophecy]]
* [[1892]] [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] publishes "[[The Yellow Wallpaper]]" turning the ghost story on its head in an early feminist critique of what [[Betty Friedan]] later named "the feminine mystique".

* [[1915]] [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] publishes [[Herland]]
* [[1918]] [[Frances Stevens]] publishes [[Citadel of Fear]]
* [[1918]] [[Gertrude Franklin Atherton]] publishes [[The White Morning]]

==The 20th Century: After the Great War (1920-1945)==
The pulp era began, and brought with it women writers, often writing [[pseudonymously]] or under [[gender-ambiguous names]], such as [[C.L. Moore]].

Strong socialist and fascist currents in reaction to economic crises in Europe and North America generated a number of radical critiques of fascism and totalitarianism, including several important works from female writers.

* [[1926]] [[Thea von Harbou]] publishes [[Metropolis]]
* [[1926]] [[Sylvia Townsend Warner]] publishes [[Lolly Willowes]]
* [[1928]] [[Virginia Woolf]] publishes [[Orlando]]
* [[1935]] [[Katharine Burdekin]] publishes [[The End of This Day's Business]]
* [[1940]] [[Karin Boye]] publishes [[Kallocain]]
* [[1941]] First appearance of [[Wonder Woman]], one of the first female [[superheroes]]

==The 20th Century: After WW2 (1945-1967)==
SF popularity continues to grow, and male and female writers enter the field in increasing numbers. Women still frequently write with pseudonyms or gender-ambiguous names, or pseudonymously with male writers using a male pseudonym.

In US SF, anxieties over nuclear war, Communism, and the changing roles of women during and after WW2 sometimes played out in gender-related SF. A number of "[[war of the sexes]]" stories appeared, often depicting the society run by women as a hive-like metaphor for socialism. As in the suffragette backlash, the societies run by women were authoritarian, humorless, dull, and lacked creative fire and ingenuity, and they were often static or even dying societies.

Prominent new writers in the '40s include [[Judith Merril]], [[Leigh Brackett]] and [[Miriam Allen deFord]].

* 1948 [[Judith Merril]] publishes [["That Only a Mother"]]
* 1948 [[Shirley Jackson]] publishes [["The Lottery"]]
* 1948 [[Lisa Ben]] publishes [["New Year's Day"]], the first modern "gay identity" SF story
* 1948 [[Wilmar Shiras]] publishes [["In Hiding"]], which was later developed into a novel, ''[[Children of the Atom]]'' (1953)

Prominent new women writers in the '50s include [[Katharine MacLean]], [[Margaret St. Clair]], [[Zenna Henderson]], and [[Andre Norton]].

* 1950 [[Judith Merril]] publishes ''[[Shadow on the Hearth]]''
* 1952 [[Zenna Henderson]] begins publishing [[The People]] series
* 1953 [[Judith Merril]] published [[Daughters of Earth]]
* 1954 "[[Femizine]]" An "all female" SF fan zine created in England, later revealed to be a hoax.

Prominent new women writers in the '60s are almost too many to name here but a selection include: [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]], [[Rosel George Brown]], [[Sonya Dorman]], [[Carol Emshwiller]], [[Sylvia Louise Engdahl]], [[Phyllis Gotlieb]], [[Madeleine L'Engle]], [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[Anne McCaffrey]], [[Naomi Mitchison]], [[Joanna Russ]], [[James Tiptree, Jr.]], [[Kate Wilhelm]], and many others. Plus, [[Samuel R. Delany]].

* [[1960]] [[Theodore Sturgeon]] publishes ''[[Venus Plus X]]''
* [[1961]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes ''[[The Door Through Space]]''
* [[1962]] [[Naomi Mitchison]] publishes ''[[Memoirs of a Spacewoman]]''
* [[1962]] [[Madeleine L'Engle]] publishes ''[[A Wrinkle in Time]]''
* [[1962]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes ''[[Planet Savers]]'', first novel in the [[Darkover]] series
* [[1966]] [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] publishes her first two novels, ''[[Rocannon's World]]'' and ''[[Planet of Exile]]''
* [[1966]] [[Rosel George Brown]] publishes ''[[Sibyl Sue Blue]]''
* [[1967]] [[Pamela Zoline]]'s publishes her story [["The Heat Death of the Universe"]] in Michael Moorcock's ''New Worlds''
* [[1967]] [[Anna Kavan]] publishes ''[[Ice]]''
* [[1967]] Harlan Ellison's publishes ''[[Dangerous Visions]]'', a ground-breaking anthology including work by Delany, Emshwiller, and Sturgeon

==The Golden Age of Feminist SF (1968-1979) ==

[[Lesbian separatism]] and [[Gay Liberation]] made strong impacts on feminist SF, and the developing world of [[fanfic]]. Many more women entered the field. A feminist backlash became prominent, focusing less on hive-like socialist societies and more on lesbianism and male fears of sexual redundancy.

* [[1968]] [[Joanna Russ]] publishes [[Picnic on Paradise]]
* [[1968]] Lt. Uhura and Captain Kirk debut the first interracial kiss on American TV in "Plato's Stepchildren", "[[Star Trek]]" Season 3
* [[1968]] [[Samuel Delany]] publishes [[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]], a major novel with a gay protagonist
* [[1968]] [[Anne McCaffrey]] becomes the first woman to win a [[Hugo Award]] for fiction, for the novella "[[Weyr Search]]", which was later incorporated into the novel ''[[Dragonflight]]''
* [[1969]] [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] publishes [[The Left Hand of Darkness]]
* [[1971]] [[Monique Wittig]] publishes [[Les Guérillères]]
* [[1971]] [[Dorothy Bryant]] publishes [[The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You]], which stylistically echoes late 19th century threads of metaphoric fiction and paves the way for [[New Age fiction]]
* [[1972]] Joanna Russ publishes "[[When It Changed]]"
* [[1973]] James Tiptree, Jr. publishes "[[The Girl Who Was Plugged In]]"
* [[1974]] Suzy McKee Charnas publishes [[Walk to the End of the World]], first in the [[Holdfast Series]]
* [[1974]] [[Pamela Sargent]] publishes [[Women of Wonder: Science Fiction Stories by Women about Women]], the first anthology dedicated to women in SF
* [[1974]] [[Diane Marchant]] publishes the first known Star Trek slash, "A Fragment Out of Time," an oblique Kirk/Spock story
* [[1975]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes [[The Heritage of Hastur]]
* [[1975]] Tanith Lee publishes The Birthgrave
* [[1975]] Naomi Mitchison publishes Solution Three
* [[1975]] Joanna Russ publishes The Female Man
* [[1975]] The "[[Women in Science Fiction Symposium|Women in Science Fiction]]" symposium, edited by [[Jeffrey D. Smith]], is published in [[Khatru]] 3&4
* [[1975]] Robert Silverberg describes James Tiptree, Jr.'s writing as "ineluctibly masculine" in the introduction to [[Warm Worlds and Otherwise]], apparently attempting to dispel rumors that Tiptree is female
* [[1976]] [[Susan Wood]] sets up a feminist panel at [[MidAmericon]], apparently the first panel on "women and science fiction", which leads ultimately to the founding of [[A Woman's Apa]].
* [[1976]] [[Samuel R. Delany]] publishes [[Triton: An Ambiguous Heterotopia]]
* [[1976]] [[Marge Piercy]] publishes [[Woman on the Edge of Time]]
* [[1976]] [[Carol Seajay]] begins [[Feminist Bookstore News]], a selection tool geared toward women's bookstores; an SF column begins -- ? when. [[Susanna Sturgis]] is the long-time SF columnist.
* [[1977]] The first [[WisCon]] is held in Madison, Wisconsin.
* [[1977]] an all-women's issue of [[Analog]] published
* [[1978]] E.M. Broner publishes [[A Weave of Women]]
* [[1978]] Vonda McIntyre publishes [[Dreamsnake]]
* [[1979]] The gay/lesbian (eventually glbt) bookstore "[[A Different Light]]" opens, naming itself after [[Elizabeth A. Lynn]]'s novel of the same name.
* [[1979]] Octavia Butler publishes [[Kindred]]
* [[1979]] Sally Miller Gearheart publishes [[The Wanderground]]
* [[1979]] [[Ridley Scott]]'s [[Alien]] features [[Ellen Ripley]], the first significant female action hero in a major American film series

==The Eighties: Cyberpunk & "Post-Feminism" (1980-1990)==

"I'll be a post-feminist in the post-patriarchy."

The [[feminist sex wars]] reach their peak in the 80s, not coincidentally at the same time that [[women's erotica]] is enjoying a boom. SF in general shows a much greater level of sexual explicitness, and [[fanfic]] gets naughty and needs a spanking.

[[Marion Zimmer Bradley]]'s [[The Mists of Avalon]] kicks off a new thread of novels portraying [[women's spirituality]] and goddess-based religions, ultimately feeding into the New Age fiction trend. [[The Mists of Avalon]] also initiated a popular trend of reenvisioning histories, myths, and iconic stories from feminist or subaltern perspectives.

Numerous women's presses and bookstores are founded in the 1970s with the collective energy of the feminist movement and lesbian separatists; lesbian & gay-themed lines, presses, and bookstores followed shortly thereafter.

The English-speaking world discovers magical realism, and numerous important new works are published or translated into English.

The bisexual, goth, androgynous, vampire thing picks up steam in the 80s.

* [[1980]] Octavia Butler publishes Wild Seed
* [[1980]] Elizabeth Lynn publishes Northern Girl
* 1980 Kate Wilhelm publishes Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang

* 1981 Julian May publishes The Many Colored Lands (first in Pleiocene Cycle)
* 1981 New Victoria publishes WomanSpace: Future and Fantasy, Stories and Art by Women
* 1981 Elisabeth Vonarburg publishes La Silence de la Cite; translated into English in 1988 as The Silent City

* 1982 Tanith Lee publishes The Silver Metal Lover
* 1982 Smith College hosted a 3-week symposium on feminist speculative fiction

* [[1983]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes [[The Mists of Avalon]]
* Mary Gentle publishes Witchbreed
* [[1983]] [[Joanna Russ]] publishes [[How to Supress Women's Writing]]

* [[1984]] Suzette Haden Elgin publishes [[Native Tongue]]
* [[1984]] Marion Zimmer Bradley publishes [[Sword and Sorceress]], the first in a series of Bradley-edited anthologies in which many new writers got started, and a consistent source for stories about women (specifically, swordswomen and sorceresses).
* 1984 [[Kindred Spirits: An Anthology of Gay and Lesbian Science Fiction Stories]] Jeffrey M. Elliot publishes, with [[Alyson Press]], the first explicitly gay-lesbian themed SF anthology, reprinting GL stories from previous publications.

* [[1985]] [[Margaret Atwood]] publishes [[The Handmaid's Tale]], later made into a film and an opera

* [[1986]] Sigourney Weaver kicks ass in [[Aliens]] (dir., [[James Cameron]])
* [[1986]] Joan Slonczewski publishes [[A Door Into Ocean]]
* [[1986]] [[Gaylaxian Science Fiction Society]] formed

* [[1987]] [[Toni Morrison]] publishes [[Beloved]]
* 1987 Pamela Sargent publishes The Shore of Women
* 1987 Gwyneth Jones publishes Divine Endurance
* Octavia Butler publishes Dawn, first book of the [[Xenogenesis]] trilogy
* [[James Tiptree, Jr.]] (Alice Sheldon) dies, 1915-1987

* 1988 Carol Emshwiller publishes Carmen Dog
* 1988 C.J. Cherryh publishes Cyteen
* 1988 Sheri Tepper publishes The Gate to Women's Country
* [[Gaylaxicon]], the first GLB SF convention
* [[Lambda Literary Awards]] inaugurated, with a joint category for "mystery/sf"; award given to mystery novels.

==The Gay Nineties: Queer Identity & Default Feminism (1991 onward)==

Explicitly feminist themes in SF continued to be explored in feministSF, but the true triumph of the [[Secret Feminist Cabal]] is the acceptance of the goals and analyses of feminism in much other literature. Strong women characters have become a norm for male and female writers alike. Kick-ass woman heroes made a major splash on TV and film.

In the post-[[Feminist Sex Wars]] years, lesbian, feminist, and woman-centered erotica boomed, spawning many anthologies on every conceivable subject. And feministSF moved online, in all its forms: [[fanfic]], geeky websites, mailing lists, and the like.

* [[1991]] The creation of the [[James Tiptree, Jr. Award]] for SF or fantasy that explores and expands gender roles; [[Pat Murphy]] announced the creation at [[WisCon]].
* 1991 Lambda Literary Awards now split the lesbian mystery/sf category, and created a category for "Lesbian Science Fiction/Fantasy"; first Lambda for a lesbian fantasy/SF book, [[Jessica Amanda Salmonson]]'s anthology of glb supernatural fiction, [[What Did Miss Darrington See?]])
* 1991 [[Susanna Sturgis]] publishes [[Memories and Visions: Women's Fantasy and Science Fiction]] anthology
* 1991 Jewelle Gomez publishes The Gilda Stories; Marge Piercy publishes He, She and It; Rebecca Ore publishes The Illegal Rebirth of Billy the Kid

* [[1992]] [[Angela Carter]] dies
* [[1992]] [[Nicola Griffith]] publishes [[Ammonite]]
* [[1992]] [[Sally Potter]] directs [[Orlando (film)|"Orlando"]]

* [[1993]] [[The X-Files]] reinvents the buddy film, debuting the skeptical scientific Scully playing straight man to Mulder's flirty believer; the two remain (mostly) platonic peers and equals for some half-dozen years into the series. The X-Files also accounts for a tremendous surge in FanFic which moved online in vast numbers.
* [[1993]] [[Pam Keesey]] publishes Daughters of Darkness: Lesbian Vampire Stories, one of the first explicitly lesbian anthologies of fantasy/horror, tapping into the lesbian vampire zeitgeist (they're lesbian! they're vampires!)

* [[1994]] First website on feminist SF (ultimately becoming http://feministSF.org ).
* 1994 Nancy Kress publishes Beggars in Spain; Kathleen Ann Goonan publishes Queen City Jazz; Maureen McHugh publishes Half the Day Is Night

* [[1995]] "[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]" series premiere airs in the US (1995 Sept. 9; UK airdate, 1996 Sept. 8)
* 1995 Nancy Springer publishes Larque on the Wing

* [[1996]] (??) [[Circlet Press]] first publication of erotic, feminist SF, a chapbook called [[Telepaths Don't Need Safewords]]

* [[1997]] [[Judith Merril]] dies
* [[1997]] [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] series premiere in the US

* [[1998]] The [[Gaylactic Network]] establishes the [[Spectrum Awards]] "to honor works in science fiction, fantasy and horror which include positive explorations of gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered characters, themes, or issues."
* [[1998]] - The [[Secret Feminist Cabal]] goes public by publishing the Tiptree Anthology, [[Flying Cups and Saucers]], illustrated by [[Freddie Baer]]
* [[1998]] [[Nalo Hopkinson]] publishes Brown Girl in the Ring

* [[1999]] [[FemSpec]] founded
* [[1999]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] dies
* [[1999]] [[Naomi Mitchison]] dies

* [[2000]] [[Broad Universe]] founded to promote women writers of SF/F/H
* [[2000]] [[Feminist Bookstore News]] shuts down after a 25-year run, during which it saw the peak and then eventual demise of many feminist presses and bookstores.

* [[2002]] [[Whileaway LiveJournal community]] began, 2002 June 26

* [[2003]] [[Monique Wittig]] died

* [[2006]] [[Octavia Butler]] died
* [[2006]] feministSF wiki began
* [[2006]] [[WisCon]] 30 year anniversary!

== Sources & External Links ==

* [[User:Lquilter|Laura Quilter]], 2001-2006, A Brief History of Feminist SF/F and Women in SF/F, available at http://feministsf.org/community/history.html

[[category:Calendar]]

Feminist SF timeline

2006-06-02T03:07:13Z

162.84.165.25: /* The Golden Age of Feminist SF (1968-1979) */

A Brief History of Feminist SF and Women in SF

{{spoiler}}

==BF (Before Frankenstein)==

SF per se did not exist, but many of the stories that were told, and eventually published, relied on fantastical premises of one sort or another, often including magical, religious, and mythical imagery, beings or events. The imagined civilization, whether it be utopian, the Kingdom of Heaven, or otherwise, cropped up here and there.

* [[1405]] [[Christine de Pizan]], [[The Book of the City of Ladies]]
* [[1666]] [[Margaret Cavendish]], [[The Blazing World]]
* [[1762]] [[Sarah Scott]], [[A Description of Millennium Hall]]
* [[1794]] [[Ann Radcliffe]], [[The Mysteries of Udolpho]] (quintessential gothic novel; supernatural events ultimately shown to be non-supernatural)
* [[1798]]; rev. [[1803]] [[Jane Austen]], [[Northanger Abbey]] (a satirical gothic novel)

==Nineteenth Century CE: After Frankenstein (1818-1919)==

The early 19th century formats were still shaping and being developed. [[Gothic]] novels remained popular, with supernatural or possibly supernatural elements. Mary Shelley's [[Frankenstein]] emerged in part from this tradition.

In the mid-later part of the 19th century, a wide variety of [[utopian]] stories emerged from social and utopian movements. A conscious feminism picked up on many of the themes of the suffragettes, and produced specifically gender-based attacks on the patriarchy, positing that a female society might be wiser, more peaceful, more humane.

The late-19th century fascination with the supernatural led to many supernatural and [[ghost stories]]; relatedly, the themes in [[gothic]] novels continued to often include supernatural aspects.

The late 19th and early 20th century saw a suffragette [[backlash]] in literature: novels in which [[humorless]] women take over the world, for good or for ill; valiant men with a sense of humor often took it right back to the satisfaction of both sexes.

* [[1818]] [[Mary Shelley]], [[Frankenstein]]
* [[1827]] [[Jane Webb Loudon]], [[The Mummy!: A Tale of the Twentieth Century]]

* [[1872]] [[J. Sheridan Le Fanu]], [["Carmilla"]] (an early, possibly the first, lesbian vampire story published)
* [[1880-81]] [[Mary E. Bradley]] publishes [[Mizora: A Prophecy]]
* [[1892]] [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] publishes "[[The Yellow Wallpaper]]" turning the ghost story on its head in an early feminist critique of what [[Betty Friedan]] later named "the feminine mystique".

* [[1915]] [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] publishes [[Herland]]
* [[1918]] [[Frances Stevens]] publishes [[Citadel of Fear]]
* [[1918]] [[Gertrude Franklin Atherton]] publishes [[The White Morning]]

==The 20th Century: After the Great War (1920-1945)==
The pulp era began, and brought with it women writers, often writing [[pseudonymously]] or under [[gender-ambiguous names]], such as [[C.L. Moore]].

Strong socialist and fascist currents in reaction to economic crises in Europe and North America generated a number of radical critiques of fascism and totalitarianism, including several important works from female writers.

* [[1926]] [[Thea von Harbou]] publishes [[Metropolis]]
* [[1926]] [[Sylvia Townsend Warner]] publishes [[Lolly Willowes]]
* [[1928]] [[Virginia Woolf]] publishes [[Orlando]]
* [[1935]] [[Katharine Burdekin]] publishes [[The End of This Day's Business]]
* [[1940]] [[Karin Boye]] publishes [[Kallocain]]
* [[1941]] First appearance of [[Wonder Woman]], one of the first female [[superheroes]]

==The 20th Century: After WW2 (1945-1967)==
SF popularity continues to grow, and male and female writers enter the field in increasing numbers. Women still frequently write with pseudonyms or gender-ambiguous names, or pseudonymously with male writers using a male pseudonym.

In US SF, anxieties over nuclear war, Communism, and the changing roles of women during and after WW2 sometimes played out in gender-related SF. A number of "[[war of the sexes]]" stories appeared, often depicting the society run by women as a hive-like metaphor for socialism. As in the suffragette backlash, the societies run by women were authoritarian, humorless, dull, and lacked creative fire and ingenuity, and they were often static or even dying societies.

Prominent new writers in the '40s include [[Judith Merril]], [[Leigh Brackett]] and [[Miriam Allen deFord]].

* 1948 [[Judith Merril]] publishes [["That Only a Mother"]]
* 1948 [[Shirley Jackson]] publishes [["The Lottery"]]
* 1948 [[Lisa Ben]] publishes [["New Year's Day"]], the first modern "gay identity" SF story
* 1948 [[Wilmar Shiras]] publishes [["In Hiding"]], which was later developed into a novel, ''[[Children of the Atom]]'' (1953)

Prominent new women writers in the '50s include [[Katharine MacLean]], [[Margaret St. Clair]], [[Zenna Henderson]], and [[Andre Norton]].

* 1950 [[Judith Merril]] publishes ''[[Shadow on the Hearth]]''
* 1952 [[Zenna Henderson]] begins publishing [[The People]] series
* 1953 [[Judith Merril]] published [[Daughters of Earth]]
* 1954 "[[Femizine]]" An "all female" SF fan zine created in England, later revealed to be a hoax.

Prominent new women writers in the '60s are almost too many to name here but a selection include: [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]], [[Rosel George Brown]], [[Sonya Dorman]], [[Carol Emshwiller]], [[Sylvia Louise Engdahl]], [[Phyllis Gotlieb]], [[Madeleine L'Engle]], [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[Anne McCaffrey]], [[Naomi Mitchison]], [[Joanna Russ]], [[James Tiptree, Jr.]], [[Kate Wilhelm]], and many others. Plus, [[Samuel R. Delany]].

* [[1960]] [[Theodore Sturgeon]] publishes ''[[Venus Plus X]]''
* [[1961]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes ''[[The Door Through Space]]''
* [[1962]] [[Naomi Mitchison]] publishes ''[[Memoirs of a Spacewoman]]''
* [[1962]] [[Madeleine L'Engle]] publishes ''[[A Wrinkle in Time]]''
* [[1962]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes ''[[Planet Savers]]'', first novel in the [[Darkover]] series
* [[1966]] [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] publishes her first two novels, ''[[Rocannon's World]]'' and ''[[Planet of Exile]]''
* [[1966]] [[Rosel George Brown]] publishes ''[[Sibyl Sue Blue]]''
* [[1967]] [[Pamela Zoline]]'s publishes her story [["The Heat Death of the Universe"]] in Michael Moorcock's ''New Worlds''
* [[1967]] [[Anna Kavan]] publishes ''[[Ice]]''
* [[1967]] Harlan Ellison's publishes ''[[Dangerous Visions]]'', a ground-breaking anthology including work by Delany, Emshwiller, and Sturgeon

==The Golden Age of Feminist SF (1968-1979) ==

[[Lesbian separatism]] and [[Gay Liberation]] made strong impacts on feminist SF, and the developing world of [[fanfic]]. Many more women entered the field. A feminist backlash became prominent, focusing less on hive-like socialist societies and more on lesbianism and male fears of sexual redundancy.

* [[1968]] [[Joanna Russ]] publishes [[Picnic on Paradise]]
* [[1968]] Lt. Uhura and Captain Kirk debut the first interracial kiss on American TV in "Plato's Stepchildren", "[[Star Trek]]" Season 3
* [[1968]] [[Samuel Delany]] publishes [[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]], a major novel with a gay protagonist
* [[1968]] [[Anne McCaffrey]] becomes the first woman to win a [[Hugo Award]], for "[[Weyr Search]]", which is later incorporated into the novel ''[[Dragonflight]]''
* [[1969]] [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] publishes [[The Left Hand of Darkness]]
* [[1971]] [[Monique Wittig]] publishes [[Les Guérillères]]
* [[1971]] [[Dorothy Bryant]] publishes [[The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You]], which stylistically echoes late 19th century threads of metaphoric fiction and paves the way for [[New Age fiction]]
* [[1972]] Joanna Russ publishes "[[When It Changed]]"
* [[1973]] James Tiptree, Jr. publishes "[[The Girl Who Was Plugged In]]"
* [[1974]] Suzy McKee Charnas publishes [[Walk to the End of the World]], first in the [[Holdfast Series]]
* [[1974]] [[Pamela Sargent]] publishes [[Women of Wonder: Science Fiction Stories by Women about Women]], the first anthology dedicated to women in SF
* [[1974]] [[Diane Marchant]] publishes the first known Star Trek slash, "A Fragment Out of Time," an oblique Kirk/Spock story
* [[1975]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes [[The Heritage of Hastur]]
* [[1975]] Tanith Lee publishes The Birthgrave
* [[1975]] Naomi Mitchison publishes Solution Three
* [[1975]] Joanna Russ publishes The Female Man
* [[1975]] The "[[Women in Science Fiction Symposium|Women in Science Fiction]]" symposium, edited by [[Jeffrey D. Smith]], is published in [[Khatru]] 3&4
* [[1975]] Robert Silverberg describes James Tiptree, Jr.'s writing as "ineluctibly masculine" in the introduction to [[Warm Worlds and Otherwise]], apparently attempting to dispel rumors that Tiptree is female
* [[1976]] [[Susan Wood]] sets up a feminist panel at [[MidAmericon]], apparently the first panel on "women and science fiction", which leads ultimately to the founding of [[A Woman's Apa]].
* [[1976]] [[Samuel R. Delany]] publishes [[Triton: An Ambiguous Heterotopia]]
* [[1976]] [[Marge Piercy]] publishes [[Woman on the Edge of Time]]
* [[1976]] [[Carol Seajay]] begins [[Feminist Bookstore News]], a selection tool geared toward women's bookstores; an SF column begins -- ? when. [[Susanna Sturgis]] is the long-time SF columnist.
* [[1977]] The first [[WisCon]] is held in Madison, Wisconsin.
* [[1977]] an all-women's issue of [[Analog]] published
* [[1978]] E.M. Broner publishes [[A Weave of Women]]
* [[1978]] Vonda McIntyre publishes [[Dreamsnake]]
* [[1979]] The gay/lesbian (eventually glbt) bookstore "[[A Different Light]]" opens, naming itself after [[Elizabeth A. Lynn]]'s novel of the same name.
* [[1979]] Octavia Butler publishes [[Kindred]]
* [[1979]] Sally Miller Gearheart publishes [[The Wanderground]]
* [[1979]] [[Ridley Scott]]'s [[Alien]] features [[Ellen Ripley]], the first significant female action hero in a major American film series

==The Eighties: Cyberpunk & "Post-Feminism" (1980-1990)==

"I'll be a post-feminist in the post-patriarchy."

The [[feminist sex wars]] reach their peak in the 80s, not coincidentally at the same time that [[women's erotica]] is enjoying a boom. SF in general shows a much greater level of sexual explicitness, and [[fanfic]] gets naughty and needs a spanking.

[[Marion Zimmer Bradley]]'s [[The Mists of Avalon]] kicks off a new thread of novels portraying [[women's spirituality]] and goddess-based religions, ultimately feeding into the New Age fiction trend. [[The Mists of Avalon]] also initiated a popular trend of reenvisioning histories, myths, and iconic stories from feminist or subaltern perspectives.

Numerous women's presses and bookstores are founded in the 1970s with the collective energy of the feminist movement and lesbian separatists; lesbian & gay-themed lines, presses, and bookstores followed shortly thereafter.

The English-speaking world discovers magical realism, and numerous important new works are published or translated into English.

The bisexual, goth, androgynous, vampire thing picks up steam in the 80s.

* [[1980]] Octavia Butler publishes Wild Seed
* [[1980]] Elizabeth Lynn publishes Northern Girl
* 1980 Kate Wilhelm publishes Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang

* 1981 Julian May publishes The Many Colored Lands (first in Pleiocene Cycle)
* 1981 New Victoria publishes WomanSpace: Future and Fantasy, Stories and Art by Women
* 1981 Elisabeth Vonarburg publishes La Silence de la Cite; translated into English in 1988 as The Silent City

* 1982 Tanith Lee publishes The Silver Metal Lover
* 1982 Smith College hosted a 3-week symposium on feminist speculative fiction

* [[1983]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] publishes [[The Mists of Avalon]]
* Mary Gentle publishes Witchbreed
* [[1983]] [[Joanna Russ]] publishes [[How to Supress Women's Writing]]

* [[1984]] Suzette Haden Elgin publishes [[Native Tongue]]
* [[1984]] Marion Zimmer Bradley publishes [[Sword and Sorceress]], the first in a series of Bradley-edited anthologies in which many new writers got started, and a consistent source for stories about women (specifically, swordswomen and sorceresses).
* 1984 [[Kindred Spirits: An Anthology of Gay and Lesbian Science Fiction Stories]] Jeffrey M. Elliot publishes, with [[Alyson Press]], the first explicitly gay-lesbian themed SF anthology, reprinting GL stories from previous publications.

* [[1985]] [[Margaret Atwood]] publishes [[The Handmaid's Tale]], later made into a film and an opera

* [[1986]] Sigourney Weaver kicks ass in [[Aliens]] (dir., [[James Cameron]])
* [[1986]] Joan Slonczewski publishes [[A Door Into Ocean]]
* [[1986]] [[Gaylaxian Science Fiction Society]] formed

* [[1987]] [[Toni Morrison]] publishes [[Beloved]]
* 1987 Pamela Sargent publishes The Shore of Women
* 1987 Gwyneth Jones publishes Divine Endurance
* Octavia Butler publishes Dawn, first book of the [[Xenogenesis]] trilogy
* [[James Tiptree, Jr.]] (Alice Sheldon) dies, 1915-1987

* 1988 Carol Emshwiller publishes Carmen Dog
* 1988 C.J. Cherryh publishes Cyteen
* 1988 Sheri Tepper publishes The Gate to Women's Country
* [[Gaylaxicon]], the first GLB SF convention
* [[Lambda Literary Awards]] inaugurated, with a joint category for "mystery/sf"; award given to mystery novels.

==The Gay Nineties: Queer Identity & Default Feminism (1991 onward)==

Explicitly feminist themes in SF continued to be explored in feministSF, but the true triumph of the [[Secret Feminist Cabal]] is the acceptance of the goals and analyses of feminism in much other literature. Strong women characters have become a norm for male and female writers alike. Kick-ass woman heroes made a major splash on TV and film.

In the post-[[Feminist Sex Wars]] years, lesbian, feminist, and woman-centered erotica boomed, spawning many anthologies on every conceivable subject. And feministSF moved online, in all its forms: [[fanfic]], geeky websites, mailing lists, and the like.

* [[1991]] The creation of the [[James Tiptree, Jr. Award]] for SF or fantasy that explores and expands gender roles; [[Pat Murphy]] announced the creation at [[WisCon]].
* 1991 Lambda Literary Awards now split the lesbian mystery/sf category, and created a category for "Lesbian Science Fiction/Fantasy"; first Lambda for a lesbian fantasy/SF book, [[Jessica Amanda Salmonson]]'s anthology of glb supernatural fiction, [[What Did Miss Darrington See?]])
* 1991 [[Susanna Sturgis]] publishes [[Memories and Visions: Women's Fantasy and Science Fiction]] anthology
* 1991 Jewelle Gomez publishes The Gilda Stories; Marge Piercy publishes He, She and It; Rebecca Ore publishes The Illegal Rebirth of Billy the Kid

* [[1992]] [[Angela Carter]] dies
* [[1992]] [[Nicola Griffith]] publishes [[Ammonite]]
* [[1992]] [[Sally Potter]] directs [[Orlando (film)|"Orlando"]]

* [[1993]] [[The X-Files]] reinvents the buddy film, debuting the skeptical scientific Scully playing straight man to Mulder's flirty believer; the two remain (mostly) platonic peers and equals for some half-dozen years into the series. The X-Files also accounts for a tremendous surge in FanFic which moved online in vast numbers.
* [[1993]] [[Pam Keesey]] publishes Daughters of Darkness: Lesbian Vampire Stories, one of the first explicitly lesbian anthologies of fantasy/horror, tapping into the lesbian vampire zeitgeist (they're lesbian! they're vampires!)

* [[1994]] First website on feminist SF (ultimately becoming http://feministSF.org ).
* 1994 Nancy Kress publishes Beggars in Spain; Kathleen Ann Goonan publishes Queen City Jazz; Maureen McHugh publishes Half the Day Is Night

* [[1995]] "[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]" series premiere airs in the US (1995 Sept. 9; UK airdate, 1996 Sept. 8)
* 1995 Nancy Springer publishes Larque on the Wing

* [[1996]] (??) [[Circlet Press]] first publication of erotic, feminist SF, a chapbook called [[Telepaths Don't Need Safewords]]

* [[1997]] [[Judith Merril]] dies
* [[1997]] [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] series premiere in the US

* [[1998]] The [[Gaylactic Network]] establishes the [[Spectrum Awards]] "to honor works in science fiction, fantasy and horror which include positive explorations of gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered characters, themes, or issues."
* [[1998]] - The [[Secret Feminist Cabal]] goes public by publishing the Tiptree Anthology, [[Flying Cups and Saucers]], illustrated by [[Freddie Baer]]
* [[1998]] [[Nalo Hopkinson]] publishes Brown Girl in the Ring

* [[1999]] [[FemSpec]] founded
* [[1999]] [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] dies
* [[1999]] [[Naomi Mitchison]] dies

* [[2000]] [[Broad Universe]] founded to promote women writers of SF/F/H
* [[2000]] [[Feminist Bookstore News]] shuts down after a 25-year run, during which it saw the peak and then eventual demise of many feminist presses and bookstores.

* [[2002]] [[Whileaway LiveJournal community]] began, 2002 June 26

* [[2003]] [[Monique Wittig]] died

* [[2006]] [[Octavia Butler]] died
* [[2006]] feministSF wiki began
* [[2006]] [[WisCon]] 30 year anniversary!

== Sources & External Links ==

* [[User:Lquilter|Laura Quilter]], 2001-2006, A Brief History of Feminist SF/F and Women in SF/F, available at http://feministsf.org/community/history.html

[[category:Calendar]]

Anne McCaffrey

2006-06-02T03:04:06Z

162.84.165.25:

First female Hugo-Award winner.

Lois McMaster Bujold

2006-06-02T02:56:16Z

162.84.165.25:

==Biography==

==Bibliography==

[[category:1949 Births|Bujold, Lois McMaster]]
[[category:Female Writers|Bujold, Lois McMaster]]

Parodies and retellings

2006-06-02T01:28:56Z

162.84.165.25:

Retelling stories is a common way for critics to make a critical point about a work. The commentary might be humorous, as in a humorous parody; critical, as in a work that demonstrates the earlier work's failings of writing or perspective; or exploratory, as in a work that explores new dimensions and resonances of an early story.

Examples are particularly common within science fiction and fantasy, but have also been common outside of sf.

* [[The Wizard of Oz]] ... [[Gregory Maguire]]'s [[Wicked]] and [[Geoff Ryman]]'s [[Was]]
* [[The Hobbit]] ... [[Pat Murphy]]'s [[There and Back Again]]
* numerous fairy tales & myths & folktales, including the King Arthur stories recycled by [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] as [[The Mists of Avalon]], which set off a veritable storm of retellings

Some non-SF examples:
* Gone With the Wind ... Alice Randall's The Wind Done Gone
* Lolita ... Lo's Diary
* Jane Eyre ... The Wide Sargasso Sea

Index of themes

2006-06-02T01:09:38Z

162.84.165.25:

: Gender Role Reversal
: Elimination or Minimization of a Gender
: Dystopia
: [[Utopia]]

: [[Gendered "Otherness" Experiences in the Body]]
: Sexuality, Reproduction, Family Arrangements

: [[Retellings|Retold Fairy-Tales, Myths, Folk-Tales]]

: The Super-Heroic Woman
: Reclaiming the Every-Day Heroic Women

: The Body

: Women and ...

: Sotto Voce Feminism: Assuming without Examining

: Women and Nature, the Wild, Animals

: Language & Sexism (see, e.g., [[per]])

Marilyn Hacker

2006-06-02T01:09:11Z

162.84.165.25:

[[category:1942 Births|Hacker, Marilyn]] [[category:Poets|Hacker, Marilyn]]

Samuel R. Delany

2006-06-02T01:08:16Z

162.84.165.25: /* Copyright Notice */

[[category:Male Writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[category:Self-Identified Queer Writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
'''Samuel Ray "Chip" Delany, Jr.''' (born [[April 1]], [[1942]], [[New York City]]) is an award-winning [[United States|American]] [[science fiction]] [[author]]. He has written works that have garnered substantial critical acclaim, including the novels ''[[Nova (novel)|Nova]]'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'', and ''[[Dhalgren]]''. He is a professor of Comparative Literature and Creative Writing at [[Temple University]], and is also known in the [[academic]] world as a [[literary critic]].

===Biography===
Delany was born and raised in [[Harlem, Manhattan|Harlem]] and attended the [[Dalton School]] and [[Bronx High School of Science]]. Delany and the poet [[Marilyn Hacker]], who met in high school, were married for several years and have a daughter.

Delany was a published science fiction author by the age of 20, and published six well-regarded science fiction novels between 1962 and 1968, as well as several prize-winning short stories (collected in ''Driftglass''). ''Dhalgren'' was published in [[1974 in literature|1974]]. His main literary project through the late 1970s and 1980s was the Neveryon series.

Delany has published several [[autobiographical]]/semi-autobiographical accounts of his life as a black and [[gay]] writer, including his [[Hugo award]] winning autobiography, ''[[The Motion of Light in Water]]''.

In recent years, Delany has been teaching English, Comparative Literature, and writing. Delany spent 11 years teaching at the [[University of Massachusetts at Amherst]], a year and a half at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]], and moved to the English Department of [[Temple University]] in [[2001]]. He has also published several books of criticism, interviews, and other essays.

===Themes===
Most of his works deal more explicitly with sexual themes than is common. ''[[Dhalgren]]'' and ''[[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]]'' include several sexually explicit passages, and several of his books such as ''[[Equinox (book)|Equinox]]'', ''[[The Mad Man]]'', ''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'' and ''[[Phallos (novel)|Phallos]]'' could even be considered [[pornography]], a term that Delany himself has endorsed before. He has published several books of literary criticism, with an emphasis on issues in [[science fiction]] and other [[paraliterature|paraliterary]] [[genre]]s, [[comparative literature]], and [[queer studies]].

==Selected bibliography==
===Fiction===
====Novels====
*''[[The Jewels of Aptor]]'' (1962)
*''[[Captives of the Flame]]'' (1963) - also published as ''Out of the Dead City''
*''[[The Towers of Toron]]'' (1964)
*''[[City of a Thousand Suns]]'' (1965)
*''[[The Ballad of Beta-2]]'' (1965)
*''[[Empire Star]]'' (novella) (1966)
*''[[Babel-17]]'' (1966, [[Nebula Award]])
*''[[The Einstein Intersection]]'' (1967, [[Nebula Award]])
*''[[Nova (novel)|Nova]]'' (1968), ISBN 0553100319
*''Equinox: The Tides of Lust'' (1973)
*''[[Dhalgren]]'' (1975), ISBN 0553148613
*''[[Triton (novel)]]'' (1976), ISBN 0553126806 - also published as ''Trouble on Triton''
*''[[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]]'' (1984), ISBN 0553050532
*''[[The Mad Man]]'' (1994), ISBN 1563331934
*''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'' (1995), ISBN 0932511910
*''[[Phallos (novella)]]'' (2004), ISBN 0917453417

====Return to Nevèrÿon series====
*''[[Tales of Nevèrÿon]]'' (short stories) (1979), ISBN 0553123335
*''[[Neveryóna]]'' (novel) (1983), ISBN 055301434X
*''[[Flight from Nevèrÿon]]'' (novellas) (1985), ISBN 0553248561
*''[[The Bridge of Lost Desire]]'' (novellas) (1987), ISBN 0877959315

====Short story collections====
*''Driftglass'' (1971)
*''Distant Stars'' (1981), ISBN 055301336X
*''Atlantis: Three Tales'' (1995), ISBN 0819552836
*''[[Aye, and Gomorrah]]'' (2003), ISBN 0375706712
(''[[Driftglass]]'' and ''Distant Stars'' include the [[Hugo Award|Hugo]] and [[Nebula Award]]-winning [["Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones."]] ''Aye, and Gomorrah'' is a compilation of all of Delany's short fiction, excepting the Nevèrÿon tales.)

===Nonfiction===
====Critical works====
*''[[The Jewel-hinged Jaw]]: Notes on the Language of Science Fiction'' (1977)
*''[[The American Shore]]'' (1978)
*''[[Starboard Wine]]: More Notes on the Language of Science Fiction'' (1984)
*''[[The Straits of Messina]]'' (1989), ISBN 0934933049
*''[[Silent Interviews]]'' (1995), ISBN 0819562807
*''[[Longer Views]]'' (1996), ISBN 0819562939
*''[[Shorter Views]]'' (1999), ISBN 0819563692
*''[[About Writing (Delany)|About Writing]]'' (2005), ISBN 0819567167

====Memoirs and letters====
*''Heavenly Breakfast'' (1979), ISBN 0553127969
*''[[The Motion of Light in Water]]'' (1988, a memoir of his experiences as a young gay science fiction writer; winner of the [[Hugo Award]]), ISBN 0877959471
*''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (1999, a discussion of changes in social and sexual interaction in New York's [[Times Square]]), ISBN 0814719198
*''Bread & Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York'' (1999, an [[autobiographical comics|autobiographical comic]] drawn by Mia Wolff with an introduction by [[Alan Moore]]), ISBN 1890451029
*''1984'' (2000), ISBN 0966599810

==Other facts==
*Delany's name is one of the most misspelt in science fiction, with over 60 different spellings in reviews. His publisher Doubleday even misspelt his name on the title page of his book ''Driftglass'' as did the organizers of the 16th [[Balticon]] where Delany was guest of honour. Delany is [[dyslexia|dyslexic]].
*The [[Library of Congress]] incorrectly recorded his nationality as English.
*Delany's aunts were [[Sadie and Bessie Delany]], known as the ''Delany sisters''. They both lived to be over 100 years old, and published ''Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years''.
*Among Delany's more unusual credits is that he wrote two issues of the [[comic book]] ''[[Wonder Woman]]'' in 1972, during a controversial period in the publication's history when the lead character abandoned her superpowers and became a secret agent. Delany scripted issues #202 and 203 of the series.
*Delany's story ''[[Aye, and Gomorrah]]'' was included in [[Harlan Ellison]]'s ''[[Dangerous Visions]]''. Ellison gave a short introduction that ironically pointed out how Delany was one of the last straight science fiction authors.

==See also==
*[[Sex in science fiction]]
*[[African American literature]]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*http://www.pcc.com/~jay/delany/
*[http://www.starshards.org/bibliography/ Delany bibliography]
*[http://www.pseudopodium.org/repress/KLeslieSteiner-SamuelRDelany.html Delany biography] written by Delany under his nom de plume K. Leslie Steiner
*[http://www.sfsite.com/02b/dh122.htm SF Site review of novel]
*[http://www.yetanotherbookreview.com/dhalgren.htm Yet Another Book Review review of novel]
*[http://www.pcc.com/staff/jay/delany/dhalgren.html An interpretation of the novel]
*[http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue216/classic.html Classic Sci-Fi's review of novel]
*{{isfdb name|id=Samuel_R._Delany|name=Samuel R. Delany}}

==References==
*Robert S. Bravard; Michael W. Peplow, '''Through a Glass Darkly: Bibliographing Samuel R. Delany''' in Black American Literature Forum, Vol. 18, No. 2.

==Copyright Notice==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany English Wikipedia entry]

This entry originated at the http://en.wikipedia.org site.
Please retain this reference if this article is copied elsewhere.

[[Category:1942 Births|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:African American writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:American novelists|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Bisexual writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Feminist writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Hugo Award winners|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Nebula Award winners|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Postmodernists|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Queer theory|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Science fiction writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]

Samuel R. Delany

2006-06-02T01:07:28Z

162.84.165.25: /* Copyright Notice */

[[category:Male Writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[category:Self-Identified Queer Writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
'''Samuel Ray "Chip" Delany, Jr.''' (born [[April 1]], [[1942]], [[New York City]]) is an award-winning [[United States|American]] [[science fiction]] [[author]]. He has written works that have garnered substantial critical acclaim, including the novels ''[[Nova (novel)|Nova]]'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'', and ''[[Dhalgren]]''. He is a professor of Comparative Literature and Creative Writing at [[Temple University]], and is also known in the [[academic]] world as a [[literary critic]].

===Biography===
Delany was born and raised in [[Harlem, Manhattan|Harlem]] and attended the [[Dalton School]] and [[Bronx High School of Science]]. Delany and the poet [[Marilyn Hacker]], who met in high school, were married for several years and have a daughter.

Delany was a published science fiction author by the age of 20, and published six well-regarded science fiction novels between 1962 and 1968, as well as several prize-winning short stories (collected in ''Driftglass''). ''Dhalgren'' was published in [[1974 in literature|1974]]. His main literary project through the late 1970s and 1980s was the Neveryon series.

Delany has published several [[autobiographical]]/semi-autobiographical accounts of his life as a black and [[gay]] writer, including his [[Hugo award]] winning autobiography, ''[[The Motion of Light in Water]]''.

In recent years, Delany has been teaching English, Comparative Literature, and writing. Delany spent 11 years teaching at the [[University of Massachusetts at Amherst]], a year and a half at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]], and moved to the English Department of [[Temple University]] in [[2001]]. He has also published several books of criticism, interviews, and other essays.

===Themes===
Most of his works deal more explicitly with sexual themes than is common. ''[[Dhalgren]]'' and ''[[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]]'' include several sexually explicit passages, and several of his books such as ''[[Equinox (book)|Equinox]]'', ''[[The Mad Man]]'', ''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'' and ''[[Phallos (novel)|Phallos]]'' could even be considered [[pornography]], a term that Delany himself has endorsed before. He has published several books of literary criticism, with an emphasis on issues in [[science fiction]] and other [[paraliterature|paraliterary]] [[genre]]s, [[comparative literature]], and [[queer studies]].

==Selected bibliography==
===Fiction===
====Novels====
*''[[The Jewels of Aptor]]'' (1962)
*''[[Captives of the Flame]]'' (1963) - also published as ''Out of the Dead City''
*''[[The Towers of Toron]]'' (1964)
*''[[City of a Thousand Suns]]'' (1965)
*''[[The Ballad of Beta-2]]'' (1965)
*''[[Empire Star]]'' (novella) (1966)
*''[[Babel-17]]'' (1966, [[Nebula Award]])
*''[[The Einstein Intersection]]'' (1967, [[Nebula Award]])
*''[[Nova (novel)|Nova]]'' (1968), ISBN 0553100319
*''Equinox: The Tides of Lust'' (1973)
*''[[Dhalgren]]'' (1975), ISBN 0553148613
*''[[Triton (novel)]]'' (1976), ISBN 0553126806 - also published as ''Trouble on Triton''
*''[[Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand]]'' (1984), ISBN 0553050532
*''[[The Mad Man]]'' (1994), ISBN 1563331934
*''[[Hogg (novel)|Hogg]]'' (1995), ISBN 0932511910
*''[[Phallos (novella)]]'' (2004), ISBN 0917453417

====Return to Nevèrÿon series====
*''[[Tales of Nevèrÿon]]'' (short stories) (1979), ISBN 0553123335
*''[[Neveryóna]]'' (novel) (1983), ISBN 055301434X
*''[[Flight from Nevèrÿon]]'' (novellas) (1985), ISBN 0553248561
*''[[The Bridge of Lost Desire]]'' (novellas) (1987), ISBN 0877959315

====Short story collections====
*''Driftglass'' (1971)
*''Distant Stars'' (1981), ISBN 055301336X
*''Atlantis: Three Tales'' (1995), ISBN 0819552836
*''[[Aye, and Gomorrah]]'' (2003), ISBN 0375706712
(''[[Driftglass]]'' and ''Distant Stars'' include the [[Hugo Award|Hugo]] and [[Nebula Award]]-winning [["Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones."]] ''Aye, and Gomorrah'' is a compilation of all of Delany's short fiction, excepting the Nevèrÿon tales.)

===Nonfiction===
====Critical works====
*''[[The Jewel-hinged Jaw]]: Notes on the Language of Science Fiction'' (1977)
*''[[The American Shore]]'' (1978)
*''[[Starboard Wine]]: More Notes on the Language of Science Fiction'' (1984)
*''[[The Straits of Messina]]'' (1989), ISBN 0934933049
*''[[Silent Interviews]]'' (1995), ISBN 0819562807
*''[[Longer Views]]'' (1996), ISBN 0819562939
*''[[Shorter Views]]'' (1999), ISBN 0819563692
*''[[About Writing (Delany)|About Writing]]'' (2005), ISBN 0819567167

====Memoirs and letters====
*''Heavenly Breakfast'' (1979), ISBN 0553127969
*''[[The Motion of Light in Water]]'' (1988, a memoir of his experiences as a young gay science fiction writer; winner of the [[Hugo Award]]), ISBN 0877959471
*''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (1999, a discussion of changes in social and sexual interaction in New York's [[Times Square]]), ISBN 0814719198
*''Bread & Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York'' (1999, an [[autobiographical comics|autobiographical comic]] drawn by Mia Wolff with an introduction by [[Alan Moore]]), ISBN 1890451029
*''1984'' (2000), ISBN 0966599810

==Other facts==
*Delany's name is one of the most misspelt in science fiction, with over 60 different spellings in reviews. His publisher Doubleday even misspelt his name on the title page of his book ''Driftglass'' as did the organizers of the 16th [[Balticon]] where Delany was guest of honour. Delany is [[dyslexia|dyslexic]].
*The [[Library of Congress]] incorrectly recorded his nationality as English.
*Delany's aunts were [[Sadie and Bessie Delany]], known as the ''Delany sisters''. They both lived to be over 100 years old, and published ''Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years''.
*Among Delany's more unusual credits is that he wrote two issues of the [[comic book]] ''[[Wonder Woman]]'' in 1972, during a controversial period in the publication's history when the lead character abandoned her superpowers and became a secret agent. Delany scripted issues #202 and 203 of the series.
*Delany's story ''[[Aye, and Gomorrah]]'' was included in [[Harlan Ellison]]'s ''[[Dangerous Visions]]''. Ellison gave a short introduction that ironically pointed out how Delany was one of the last straight science fiction authors.

==See also==
*[[Sex in science fiction]]
*[[African American literature]]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*http://www.pcc.com/~jay/delany/
*[http://www.starshards.org/bibliography/ Delany bibliography]
*[http://www.pseudopodium.org/repress/KLeslieSteiner-SamuelRDelany.html Delany biography] written by Delany under his nom de plume K. Leslie Steiner
*[http://www.sfsite.com/02b/dh122.htm SF Site review of novel]
*[http://www.yetanotherbookreview.com/dhalgren.htm Yet Another Book Review review of novel]
*[http://www.pcc.com/staff/jay/delany/dhalgren.html An interpretation of the novel]
*[http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue216/classic.html Classic Sci-Fi's review of novel]
*{{isfdb name|id=Samuel_R._Delany|name=Samuel R. Delany}}

==References==
*Robert S. Bravard; Michael W. Peplow, '''Through a Glass Darkly: Bibliographing Samuel R. Delany''' in Black American Literature Forum, Vol. 18, No. 2.

==Copyright Notice==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany English Wikipedia entry]

This entry originated at the http://en.wikipedia.org site.
Please retain this reference if this article is copied elsewhere.

[[Category:1942 Births|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:African American writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:American novelists|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Bisexual writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Feminist writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Gay writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Gay or lesbian writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:GLBT writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Hugo Award winners|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Living people|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Nebula Award winners|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Postmodernists|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Queer theory|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:University at Buffalo alumni|Delany, Samuel R.]]
[[Category:Science fiction writers|Delany, Samuel R.]]