Pornography - Revision history

Lquilter: cats

2008-05-22T16:27:55Z

cats

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	* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])		* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])
	* [[Patrick Califia]]		* [[Patrick Califia]]


	[[Category:Genres]]		[[Category:Genres]]
	[[Category:~~Eng~~]]		[[Category:ENG]]
			[[Category:Feminist issues]]

Ide Cyan: /* Related Titles */

2008-02-26T20:49:31Z

Related Titles

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	* Susanne Kappeler, ''The Pornography of Representation'' (1986) (art & cultural markets share same values as pornography markets)		* Susanne Kappeler, ''The Pornography of Representation'' (1986) (art & cultural markets share same values as pornography markets)
	*[[Joanna Russ]]'s "[[Pornography By Women For Women, With Love]]" (an examination of [[K/S]] [[slash]])		*[[Joanna Russ]]'s "[[Pornography By Women For Women, With Love]]" (an examination of [[K/S]] [[slash]])
			* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4153718,00.html A rough trade: Martin Amis reports from the high-risk, increasingly violent world of the pornography industry], The Guardian, March 17, 2001 (triggering)

	==Feminist SF porn/erotica writers, editors & publishers==		==Feminist SF porn/erotica writers, editors & publishers==

Debbie: /* Pornography and Prostitution */

2007-07-02T03:31:52Z

Pornography and Prostitution

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	=== Pornography and Prostitution ===		=== Pornography and Prostitution ===

	The pornography industry ~~keeps close ties~~ to [[prostitution]], if not in terms of business connections, then in terms of means of production~~, since the pornography industry produces enormous numbers of videos and images of~~ actual people being paid to have sex.		The pornography industry is clearly related to the [[prostitution]] industry, if not in terms of business connections, then in terms of means of production: both rely on actual people being paid to have sex.

	However, pornography actors often ~~disclaim the link between~~ their jobs ~~and~~ prostitution, because they have different relations of production: pornography creates a product, whereas prostitution creates a service. A woman appearing in a pornography video, for instance, has a different relationship to the ~~consumers~~ of the product that her work creates than the relationship a prostitute has to her client. In the case of pornography, the woman is having sex with other sex workers, not with ~~clients~~. In either case, the worker may control the means of production, if she supervises the sales of the video or the transaction with a client; or others may have control, if they produce the video or control the exchange of money with a client.		However, pornography actors often differentiate their jobs from prostitution, because they have different relations of production: pornography creates a product, whereas prostitution creates a service. A woman appearing in a pornography video, for instance, has a different relationship to the purchasers or renters of the product that her work creates than the relationship a prostitute has to her client. In the case of pornography, the woman is having sex with other sex workers, not with the people paying for the sex. In either case, the worker may control the means of production--if she supervises the sales of the video or the transaction with a client--or others may have control if they produce the video or control the exchange of money with a client.

	Both industries, and the sex worker industry more generally, currently thrive on the exploitation of women as sexual objects for men's consumption. ~~In our patriarchal society, men disproportionately control economic~~ and ~~political resources; sexuality~~ in ~~general~~ and ~~women's sexuality~~ and ~~reproductive rights in particular~~ are ~~regulated by~~ the ~~state, religious institutions~~, ~~and sexist socio-cultural practices; and~~ the prevailing assumption, borne out in the majority of cases ~~but not under all circumstances~~, is that pornography is made by ~~women~~ for men.		Both industries, and the sex worker industry more generally, currently thrive on the exploitation of women as sexual objects for men's consumption. Male prostitutes and sex workers for a male audience comprise a significant percentage (but by no means a majority) of sex workers in all categories, and male prostitutes and sex workers for a female audience are a tiny fraction of the whole. In our patriarchal society, the prevailing assumption, borne out in the majority of cases, is that pornography is made by men for men: the role of women in pornography is most commonly to serve as actors behaving in ways that the male producers believe will please the male audience. Again, this fits some definitions of prostitution, but not others: women in the pornography industry, as throughout the sex work industry, have widely varying experiences and opinions, from those who find the work liberating and empowering through those who consider it "just a job" to those who find it oppressive and dehumanizing.

	=== Pornography Markets and Feminist Concerns ===		=== Pornography Markets and Feminist Concerns ===

Beth Brown at 21:41, 26 May 2007

2007-05-26T21:41:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 26 May 2007
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	* [[Lori Selke]]		* [[Lori Selke]]
	* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])		* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])
			* [[Patrick Califia]]
	[[Category:Genres]]		[[Category:Genres]]
	[[Category:Eng]]		[[Category:Eng]]

JLeland: grammar edits

2007-05-04T00:09:43Z

grammar edits

Show changes

Lquilter: cat

2007-04-29T03:17:08Z

cat

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 28 April 2007
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	[[Category:Genres]]		[[Category:Genres]]
			[[Category:Eng]]

Lquilter: feminisms template

2007-03-30T14:14:09Z

feminisms template

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			{{feminisms}}

	'''Pornography''' is writing, graphics, or imagery depicting sexuality. The word comes from the Greek, meaning "writing about prostitutes".		'''Pornography''' is writing, graphics, or imagery depicting sexuality. The word comes from the Greek, meaning "writing about prostitutes".

Debbie at 22:35, 24 March 2007

2007-03-24T22:35:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 24 March 2007
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	==Feminist SF porn/erotica writers, editors & publishers==		==Feminist SF porn/erotica writers, editors & publishers==
	* [[Mary Anne Mohanraj]]		* [[Mary Anne Mohanraj]]
			* [[Lori Selke]]
	* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])		* [[Cecilia Tan]] (her press, [[Circlet Press]])

	[[Category:Genres]]		[[Category:Genres]]

Debbie: /* Pornography & literary genres */

2007-03-24T22:31:27Z

Pornography & literary genres

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 24 March 2007
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	==Pornography & literary genres==		==Pornography & literary genres==
	~~There is debate over~~ the ~~difference~~ between pornography and [[erotica]]: whether ~~one~~ exists at all, and what it would be.		Opinions differ about the distinction between pornography and [[erotica]]: whether a distinction exists at all, and what it would be.

	While the film and pictorial pornographic industries have long been dominated by material produced for a male audience (largely straight but with a substantial gay minority), a significant market of text-based writings for a female audience developed starting in the 1970s in the English-speaking romance market. These included primarily contemporary romances (Harlequins, Silhouettes, etc.) with lines dedicated to more or less sexually explicit works and so-called "bodice-rippers" (historical romances that could include quite explicit scenes of sex). By contrast with the historical market for ~~text-~~porn aimed at men, which typically included little or no characterization and only enough plot to get the characters together, these stories were primarily marketed as fiction, with erotic content embedded within a plot (however formulaic) and characterization (however thin). Men's pornographic writings were found in pornographic magazines (e.g., Penthouse "letters") and as individual books, usually sold at porn stores and in ~~news stands~~ with porn magazines.		While the film and pictorial pornographic industries have long been dominated by material produced for a male audience (largely straight but with a substantial gay minority), a significant market of text-based writings for a female audience developed starting in the 1970s in the English-speaking romance market. These included primarily contemporary romances (Harlequins, Silhouettes, etc.) with lines dedicated to more or less sexually explicit works and so-called "bodice-rippers" (historical romances that could include quite explicit scenes of sex). By contrast with the historical market for textual porn aimed at men, which typically included little or no characterization and only enough plot to get the characters together, these stories were primarily marketed as fiction, with erotic content embedded within a plot (however formulaic) and characterization (however thin). Men's pornographic writings were found in pornographic magazines (e.g., Penthouse "letters") and as individual books, usually sold at porn stores and in newsstands with porn magazines.

	Beginning in the 1970s, a new market for explicitly female-oriented text writings began, described as "erotica". "Erotica" typically had a somewhat more ~~literary~~ quality than men's ~~literary~~ porn; its level of sexual explicitness varied. Over time, "erotica" has developed into a recognized (if not quite respected) genre of its own, and reclamation of older erotic texts (such as the stories by [[Anaïs Nin]]) created a literary history to accompany the new market. The literary history, and the evolving market, focused ~~not just~~ on women as audience~~, but on men as well~~; however, female-targeted erotica is still a very significant component of the erotica publishing market. Literary histories of erotic writing find a wide variety of erotic writing from mainstream writers as well as earlier markets of commercially produced erotic writing. State and religious suppression of such work is a common theme historically and in the present-day.		Beginning in the 1970s, a new market for explicitly female-oriented text writings began, described as "erotica". "Erotica" typically had a somewhat more narrative quality than men's textual porn; its level of sexual explicitness varied. Over time, "erotica" has developed into a recognized (if not quite respected) genre of its own, and reclamation of older erotic texts (such as the stories by [[Anaïs Nin]]) created a literary history to accompany the new market. The literary history, and the evolving market, focused on men along with women as audience; however, female-targeted erotica is still a very significant component of the erotica publishing market. Literary histories of erotic writing find a wide variety of erotic writing from mainstream writers as well as earlier markets of commercially produced erotic writing. State and religious suppression of such work is a common theme historically and in the present-day.

	Amateur-written pornography (as distinguished from pornography written to be sold commercially) primarily developed out of ~~women~~ audiences; [[slash]] is typically amateur fanfiction written by women, for women, with sexual or romantic content. Famously it began with women writing "[[Kirk/Spock]]" slash, and it is typically thought of as writing that creates gay relationships between male characters of a work, although it has expanded and is also used to refer to lesbian relationships and even straight relationships that are "non-canon"; or at its broadest, simply used to refer to fanfic oriented toward various "pairings" whether canonical or non-canonical.		Amateur-written pornography (as distinguished from pornography written to be sold commercially) primarily developed out of female audiences; [[slash]] is typically amateur fanfiction written by women, for women, with sexual or romantic content. Famously it began with women writing "[[Kirk/Spock]]" slash (see [[Joanna Russ]]'s essay on the subject in ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans, and Perverts''). Slash is typically thought of as writing that creates gay relationships between male characters from a work of fiction, although it has expanded and is also used to refer to lesbian relationships and even straight relationships that are "non-canon"; or at its broadest, simply used to refer to [[fanfic]] oriented toward various "pairings" whether canonical or non-canonical.

	== Related Titles ==		== Related Titles ==

Debbie: /* History of pornography and the women's movement */

2007-03-24T22:24:36Z

History of pornography and the women's movement

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 24 March 2007
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	==History of pornography and the women's movement==		==History of pornography and the women's movement==
	Within feminism and the women's movement, pornography has been a subject of significant controversy. State and religious regulation of pornographic and erotic imagery has often been tied to state and religious regulation of female sexuality and reproductive rights. The "~~Free Love~~" movement, a western feminist movement in the 19th and early 20th centuries, ~~was a political movement that~~ argued for the liberation of sexuality~~; in~~ the US and England, ~~censorship of~~ this ~~political~~ literature was ~~done~~ along ~~with censorship of~~ so-called pornographic or obscene literature.		Within feminism and the women's movement, pornography has been a subject of significant controversy. State and religious regulation of pornographic and erotic imagery has often been tied to state and religious regulation of female sexuality and reproductive rights. The "free love" movement, a western feminist political movement in the 19th and early 20th centuries, argued for the liberation of sexuality. In the US and England, this literature expressing these views was censored along so-called pornographic or obscene literature.

	Feminist critiques of pornography as an industry and as a cultural practice in the 1970s (see especially Andrea Dworkin, Catherine MacKinnon; see also Kate Millett) were accompanied in the west by significant change in access to contraception, the "sexual liberation" movement, and the "~~Gay Liberation Movement~~", leading to the "feminist sex wars", ~~which were an often contentious~~ debate ~~in the movement~~ about pornography and sexual practice. (See the Barnard Conference; Gayle Rubin.) Women's bookstores and women's centers sometimes refused to carry materials they deemed sexually exploitative of women, such as SAMOIS' lesbian SM anthology. Proposals to create new regimes of legal regulation of sexuality led to some implementations of Catherine MacKinnon-style legislation. These have led to state interception and censorship of some feminist and lesbian works on sexuality; their effectiveness in redressing their feminist authors' critiques has yet to be evaluated. (US Minneapolis; Canada Little Sisters)		Feminist critiques of pornography as an industry and as a cultural practice in the 1970s (see especially Andrea Dworkin, Catherine MacKinnon; see also Kate Millett) were accompanied in the west by significant change in access to contraception, the "sexual liberation" movement, and the "gay liberation movement", leading to the "feminist sex wars", a polarizing debate about pornography and sexual practice in the women's movement. (See the Barnard Conference; Gayle Rubin.) Women's bookstores and women's centers sometimes refused to carry materials they deemed sexually exploitative of women, such as SAMOIS' lesbian SM anthology, ''Coming to Power.'' Proposals to create new regimes of legal regulation of sexuality led to some implementations of Catherine MacKinnon-style legislation. These have led to state interception and censorship of some feminist and lesbian works on sexuality; their effectiveness in redressing their feminist authors' critiques has yet to be evaluated. (US Minneapolis; Canada Little Sisters)

	In the 1990s, the so-called feminist sex wars largely died out; "sex-positive feminism" largely replaced them, and queer, leather, and sex worker activist movements often worked together to improve working conditions for sex workers, safe sex practices in communities, legal rights of sex workers or sexual minorities, and to study sexual history and practices. However, while the "feminist sex wars" as a discrete historical debate ended, feminist interrogation of sex practices and the sex industry continue. In particular, some feminists have critiqued sex-positive feminism for its failure to engage with exploitive labor practices and the broader patriarchal culture in which sex practices take place. While distinguishable from the earlier anti-porn feminist positions, these ~~critics~~ argue that sex-positive feminism ~~focused~~ solely on the reclamation and celebration of female sexuality to the exclusion of analysis of the cultures within which sex practices (and particularly sexual economies) occur.		In the 1990s, the so-called feminist sex wars largely died out; "sex-positive feminism" largely replaced them, and queer, leather, and sex worker activist movements often worked together to improve working conditions for sex workers, safe sex practices in communities, legal rights of sex workers or sexual minorities, and to study sexual history and practices. However, while the "feminist sex wars" as a discrete historical debate ended, feminist interrogation of sex practices and the sex industry continue. In particular, some feminists have critiqued sex-positive feminism for its failure to engage with exploitive labor practices and the broader patriarchal culture in which sex practices take place. While distinguishable from the earlier anti-porn feminist positions, these critiques argue that sex-positive feminism focuses solely on the reclamation and celebration of female sexuality to the exclusion of analysis of the cultures within which sex practices (and particularly sexual economies) occur.

	In the US, feminist engagement with pornography has taken on renewed urgency under the conservative regimes, which have fostered and fomented a [[moral panic]] about child sex abuse. The legal restrictions on minors' sexuality (minors meaning less than ~~18yo~~ in most jurisdictions, but ranging from 16 to 21 in various US states) have led to significant infringements on young women's rights of access to reproductive health care, and to significant abuses of lesbian and gay youth. These contemporary regulations and abuses echo older regulations of sexuality that particularly affected women and gay men, but they are now restricted primarily to young adults.		In the US, feminist engagement with pornography has taken on renewed urgency under the conservative regimes of the 1980s through the current time, which have fostered and fomented a [[moral panic]] about child sex abuse. The legal restrictions on minors' sexuality (minors meaning less than 18 years old in most jurisdictions, but ranging from 16 to 21 in various US states) have led to significant infringements on young women's rights of access to reproductive health care, and to significant abuses of lesbian and gay youth. These contemporary regulations and abuses echo older regulations of sexuality that particularly affected women and gay men, but they are now restricted primarily to young adults.

	The regulation of and restrictions on youth sexuality has also led to significant curtailment and infringements of information targeted ''to'' youth ''about'' sexuality, under the same laws aimed at curtailing exploitation of youth in pornography, and access by youth to pornography. In the late 1990s early 21st century in the US, the [[moral panic]] around child sex abuse has led to numerous efforts to regulate speech and expression. These have led to significant suppression of feminist and queer content, such as information about breast exams; teen gay & lesbian support groups; feminist science fiction; and so on. One recent federal statute attempted to criminalize images that ''appeared'' to be of youths under 18yo, thus leading to concerns about comic books and animation. [[Samuel R. Delany]], who has pushed the bounds of sex in SF, has published some of his pornographic works with blatantly fictitious ages (see, e.g., ''[[Equinox]]'').		The regulation of and restrictions on youth sexuality has also led to significant curtailment and infringements of information targeted ''to'' youth ''about'' sexuality, under the same laws aimed at curtailing exploitation of youth in pornography, and access by youth to pornography. In the late 1990s early 21st century in the US, the [[moral panic]] around child sex abuse has led to numerous efforts to regulate speech and expression. These have led to significant suppression of feminist and queer content, such as information about breast exams; teen gay & lesbian support groups; feminist science fiction; and so on. One recent federal statute attempted to criminalize images that ''appeared'' to be of youths under 18yo, thus leading to concerns about comic books and animation. [[Samuel R. Delany]], who has pushed the bounds of sex in SF, has published some of his pornographic works with blatantly fictitious ages (see, e.g., ''[[Equinox]]'').